Syllabus of Plant Biotechnology of Indian Council of Agricultural Research JRF exam

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As you want to get the syllabus of Plant Biotechnology of Indian Council of Agricultural Research JRF exam so here it is for you:

Unit 1: Basic Biochemistry and Biomolecules
Scope and importance of biochemistry and molecular biology in plants. Structural
and functional organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, viruses and
bacteriophages, cell organelles function and their fractionation. Chemical bonding in
biological systems, pH and buffers. Thermodynamics and bioenergetics- concept of
entropy, and free energy changes in biological reactions, Redox reactions, Role of high
energy phosphates. Biomembranes. Classification structure, chemistry, properties
and function of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Components of
immune system, Prostaglandins.

Unit 2: Intermediary Metabolism
Anabolism, catabolism and their regulation. Metabolism of carbohydrates – glycolitic
pathway, HMP pathway, TCA cycle, glyoxylate pathway and gluconeogenesis.
Biological oxidation- electron transfer and oxidative phosphorylation. Lipid
metabolism, degradation and biosynthesis of fatty acids, ketogenesis and causes of
ketosis. Biosynthesis of sterols and phospholipids. Amino acid metabolism –
catabolism of amino acids, transamination and deamination, urea cycle, biosyntheisis
of amino acids. Conversion of amino acids into bioactive compounds. Metabolism of
nucleic acids-degradation and biosynthesis of purines, pyrimidines and nucleotides.
Integration of carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism. Signal transduction
mechanisms. Role of G-proteins, cyclic nucleotides and calcium in transduction.
Disorders of lipid, carbohydrate, nucleic acid, amino acid metabolism. Inborn errors
of metabolism. Secondary metabolites, biotransfermation and over expression.

Unit 3: Enzymes, Vitamins and Hormones
Major classes of enzymes, general properties, kinetics, active site and its mapping,
activation energy and transition state. Mechanisms of enzyme action, inhibition and
activation. Coenzymes and cofactors. Isoenzymes and immobilized enzymes.
Regulation of enzyme activity, allosteric regulation. Multi substrate reactions, kinetic
experiments to determine the mechanism of multi substrate reactions. Isolation,
purification and measurement of enzyme activity. Enzyme units. Enzyme engineering.
Role of enzymes in agriculture, industry, and medicine. Structure, mode of action and
metabolic functions of vitamins. Deficiency diseases associated with vitamins.
General description of nature hormones and disorders associated with endocrine
glands, viz. pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas and gonads. Peptide and steroid
hormones. Phyto hormones – auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, abscisic acid
and new plant bio-regulators like SA, Brassino of .

Unit 5: Techniques in Biochemistry
Principles of optical, phase contrast, fluorescence and electron microscopy,
spectrophotometry, UV and VIS, fluorimetry, turbidometry and atomic absorption
spectrophotometry. Radioisotopic techniques – scintillation counters and
autoradiography and their application in biological sciences. Flectrophoresis - general
principles and application, gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, pulsed field gel
electrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis. Chromatographic techniques - paper, thin
layer, column chromatography, GC and HPLC. Centrifugation - principles of
sedimentation in various rotors, differential centrifugation, density gradient
centrifugation and ultracentrifugation. Cell tissue and organ culture.
Cryopreservation, PCR and application of RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, microsatellite and
mitochondrial and ribotyping techniques. Southern, Northern and Western blotting,
ELISA. Microarray and DNA chips. Preliminary methods of statistical analysis as
applied to agricultural data – standard deviation, standard error, ANOVA, correlation
and regression.

Unit 6: Biochemistry of Food-grains, Fruits and Vegetables
Fundamentals of nutrition, concept of balanced diet. Nutritional quality of protein
and its evaluation. Dietary fibre. Vitamins- biochemical functions and deficiency
diseases. Fats and lipids-types of fatty acids and their significance in health.
Biochemical composition and food value of various food grains (including cereals,
pulses, oil seeds), fruits and vegetables. Biochemistry of fruit ripening, biochemical
aspects of post harvest technology, storage and preservation. Biochemical basis of
quality improvement of food grains, vegetables and fruits. Antioxidants, nutraceticals.
Food toxins and anti-metabolites, food additives, storage proteins.
Unit 7: Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis – photosynthetic pigments, light reactions, photosystems.
Photophosphorylation, dark reactions: C3, C4 and CAM pathways. Regulation of
Rubisco. Chemisomotic coupling. Carbon cycle and its regulation, Ion fluxes and
conformational changes during photosynthesis. Photorespiration. Relationship
between photosynthesis, photorespiration and crop productivity. Chloroplasm
morphology, structure and biochemical anatomy. Cytosolic and organelle
interactions. Nature and exchange of metabolites through translocators. Seed reserve
biosynthesis.

Unit 8: Plant Metabolic Processes
Uptake and metabolism of mineral nutrients in plants. Sulphur metabolism. Nitrogen
cycle, nitrate and nitrite reduction, denitrification, symbiotic and non-symbiotic
nitrogen fixation. Biochemical and physiological role of hydrogenase.
Chemoautrotrophy in rhizobia and nitrifying bacteria. Cell cycle. Growth regulation in
plants. Signal transduction and phytohormones. Molecular mechanisms of plant
growth, hormone action. Role of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides in cellular
metabolism. Metabolism of cyanogenic glycosides and glucosinolates.

Unit 9: Plant Molecular Biology
General organization of nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes. Genomics
and functional genomics. Tissue specific expression of genes. Molecular biology of
various stresses – drought, salinity and temperature. Signal transduction and its
molecular basis: molecular mechanism of plant hormone action. Structure,
organization and regulation of nuclear genes. Genes involved in photosynthesis and
nitrogen fixation. Regulation of chloroplast gene expression. Mitochondrial control of
fertility. Molecular markers in plants and their uses.

Unit 10: Plant Biotechnology / Genetic Engineering
Totipotency, application of tissue culture for plant improvement, cryopreservation.
Protoplasm fusion. General principles of gene cloning. Isolation and characterization
of plant genes and promoters. Different methods of gene transfer –direct and
vectormediated. Gene silencing. Site directed mutagenesis. Molecular analysis of
transformants. Potential applications of plant genetic engineering for crop
improvement – insect-pest resistance (insect, viral, fungal and bacterial diseases).
Abiotic stress tolerance, herbicide resistance, storage protein quality improvement,
increasing shelf- life, oil quality. Biosafety and IPR issues.

I want to get syllabus of Plant Biotechnology of Indian Council of Agricultural Research JRF exam so will you please provide me that ?

[Quick Sam]

As you want to get syllabus of Plant Biotechnology of Indian Council of Agricultural Research JRF exam so here I am giving you same:

UNIT-I
Brief outline of microbial diversity - classification of microorganisms - What is microbial taxonomy - Classification and identification of bacteria - Bergey’s system of bacterial classification (Bergey’s 9th edition). Bacteria -morphology,ultrastructure,nutrition and reproduction. Viruses - general characters,morphology and classification-Structure of TMV and Bacteriophages-multiplication of bacteriophages

UNIT-II
General feature and classification of some group of microorganism - Ricketsias - Mycoplasma - Archabscteria - Actinomycetes - Protozoa - Brief outline of methods in microbiology - isolation and culture of microorganism - methods of isolation and maintenance of pure culture - methods for cultivation of anaerobes - culture characteristics.Microbial growth - growth curve of bacteria - measurement of growth - culture media (characterization, type and preparation) - staining of microbes

UNIT-III
FUNGI - Classification (ALEXOPOULOUS) - mycelial structure and its modification-nutrition - life cycle - fruitbodies - phylogeny and ultrastructure of various groups of fungi. Structure, reproduction and lifecycle of Plasmodiophora, Albugo, Penicillium,Peziza, Puccinia, Agaricus and Fusarium.

UNIT-IV
Environmental and Industrial Microbiology: Microbial flora of soil - influence of environmental factors viz.pH, light, organicmatter,moisture, and temperature
Nitrogen cycle, Carbon cycle and Phosphorous cycle - Interaction of microbes - Waste water treatment . Microbial leaching of minerals. General design and application of biofermentor.
M.Sc. Plant Biology and Plant Biotechnology: Syllabus (CBCS) 6

UNIT-V
Classifiction of plant diseases - symptoms of bacterial, viral and fungal disease. Dissemination of plant pathogen - Control of plant disease (cultural, physical, chemical and biological methods). Study of selected plant diseases; Blight of Paddy, Black arm of Cotton, Little leaf of Brinjal , Bunchy top of Banana, Red rot of Sugarcane and Tikka disease of Groundnut.