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11th August 2014, 11:26 AM
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Join Date: Apr 2013
Re: Coal India Limited Syllabus and Papers

As you required Coal India Limited Syllabus and Papers so here I am providing you the same.

Syllabus of System/EDP Discipline
1. Fundamentals of Computer & EDP :
Basic Architecture of computer, History of Computer generation, Binary numbers,
software concept, Graphical User Interface(GUI) concept, Batch and on-line
processing, Multiprogramming and time Sharing.

2. Programming Languages :
Programme flow chart, Elements of COBOL/OOPS (JAVA, C++etc.) and its
Functionalities

3. Data Structure & Advanced Programming Technique :
Data Structure, Basic concepts of data and their representations, Sequential & linked
representation, Arrays, stacks and Queues, Chains, Circularly and doubly linked lists.

4. Data Base Management System :
Data Base Introduction, Basic terminology, Data Base types, objectives of a data
base organization, Brief knowledge of Structured Query language (SQL), basic
concept of centralized and distributed computing.
.
5. System Analysis & Design :
Introduction of System Analysis and components of system, Problem selection,
Feasibility study, Cost benefit analysis, input Output design, codifications, Computer
procedure design, Flow chart, decision tables, File designing, program codification,
Testing & debugging, System maintenance, documentation, System control &
Security., hardware and Software selection, Operational management of a computer
unit.
Basic concept of Operating System.

6. Personal computers and Business Software :
Role of personal computer in management decision, microprocessor, creation and
updating of date base file, report generation, Programming, case studies with data
base software,
Usage of Internet, mailing system, concept of three tier technology, www, URI, http(s),
basic concept of networking /security.
Usage of Microsoft office package i.e. Word, Excel, Access, Power Points etc.

7. Business Date Processing & its role in Coal Industry :
Operational procedures in details of existing running software packages at Coal India
Limited and its Subsidiaries e.g. Working knowledge on Coal Net Application package,
System Administration data security, File transfer, Backup procedure.
Brief knowledge of Cyber L aws :
Overview

9. Brief Concepts on Portals like B2B, e-Governance, e-Procurement, epayment Etc.
Overview

Syllabus of Welfare/Personnel Discipline
1. Manpower Planning :
(a) Manpower Planning and Process
(b) Assessment of manpower shortage / surplus
(c) Requirement of statutory / non statutory posts.

2. Industrial Relations :
(a) Meaning and Scope of Industrial Relations
(b) Impact of industrial Relations
(c) Role of Government in Industrial Relations
(d) Industrial Relation System in CIL/Subsidiary companies

3. National Wage Agreement :
(a) History
(b) Periodicity of NCWA-I to VIII
(c) Constitution of JBCCI
(d) Grade / categorization
(e) Concept of Minimum Wages
(f) Social Security Schemes (Life Cover Scheme / Workmen Compensation
Benefit / Provision of employment / payment of monthly monetary
compensation to dependants / gratuity )
(g Welfare measures (Housing / Town Administration / Water Supply /
Medical facilities /Ambulance / Educational facilities / Canteen / other
welfare activities )
(h) Wages and Wage structure
(i) Attendance Bonus
(j) Annual Increment / Rate of increment
(k) Wage rate and work norms of piece rates workers
(l) Fall back wages
(m) Lead lift and tub pushing
(n) Special Piece Rate Allowance
(o) Other Allowance under NCWA
(p) Leave Rules and national / festival holidays
(q) RRF and LLTC
(r) HRA for employees in urban Area
(s) Recovery of electricity charges
(t) Supply of fuel
(u) Payment of overtime wages
(v) Wages for weekly day of rest / date of retirement
(w) Anomaly in pay fixation
(x) Dress Manual
.
4. Employment Standing Order Act :
(a) Model Standing Order
(b) Certified Standing Order

5 Conduct Discipline & Appeal Rules Applicable to Executive
.
6. Trade Union :
(a) Registration of Trade Union
(b) Registered Trade Union vis-à-vis its violation to Central Trade Union 7. Collective Bargaining :
(a) Concept
(b) Process
8.
9.
10. Labour Legislation
(a) Industrial Disputes Act, 1947
i) Conciliation / reference of disputer through Labour court/ Tribunal
ii) Awards
iii) Provision of Payment of Wages under ID Act in case of appeal in
High Court against the Award.
(b) Payment of Wages Act, 1936
(c) Minimum Wages Act, 1948
(d) Workman's Compensation Act,1923
(e) Payment of Gratuity Act 1972
(f) Shop and Establishment Act
(g) Coal Mines Provident Fund & Misc. provision Act, 1948
(h) Mines Act 1952
(i) Maternity Benefit Act
(j) Payment of Bonus Act, 1965
(k) Factory Act, 1948
(l) Persons with disabilities (equal Opportunities, protection of rights and full
participation) Act, 1995
(m) Coal Mines Pension Scheme 1998
(n) Apprentice Act, 1961

Syllabus of Security Discipline
A. General Security :
(1) Role and aim of Security department
(2) Organisation of Security set-up in CIL/Subsidiaries
(3) Designation and badges of Rank of CIL (Wage Board / Executives)
(4) Security Cadre Scheme Wage Board and Executive of CIL
(5) Uniform /Dress Regulation applicable for Security Deptt.
(6) Industrial Security over view
(7) Security of vital installations and vital points of Coal Industry
(8) Illegal Coal Mining- Preventive action thereof
(9) Coal Theft/ Pilferage Preventive steps thereof
(10) Security arrangements of Explosive Magazines
(11) Impact of Naxalite activities in Coal belt
(12) Duties and responsibilities of Area Security Officer
(13) Surface Fire Fighting Arrangement
(14) Utilization of techno gadgetry
(15) Security reports & Returns
(16) Importance of Physical Fitness in uniformed Forces
(17) Lodging of FIR with Local police in given situation
(18) Induction of Contractual Security
B. Regarding Legal Matter :
Knowledge about following managements
1. Indian Penal Code
(I) Right of Private Defence of body and property, relevant sections
(II) Offences against Private tranquility
(III0 Offence allegation human body
(iv) Offence against property
2. Criminal Procedure Code
Relevant Sections regarding Security for keeping Peace & behavior
Maintenance of Public order and tranquility, Public Notice sections
Information to Police, Trial and ju gment sections, provisions
regarding Bail
3 Evidence Act : Admission, Oral Admission, Confessions, confession to Police
Officer, Professional communications, Accomplice.
4 Motor Vehicle Act (Relevant Sections)
5 Arms Act (Relevant Sections)
6 Explosive Act (Relevant Sections)
7 Unauthorised occupation / Eviction Act
8 Private Security and regulatory Act (PSIR) 2005

For more syllabus please download the attachment

Coal India limited Syllabus
https://www.coalindia.in/DesktopModu...l_Syllabus.pdf

Papers
1. Equity schemes managed strong NAV gains, which boost their assets’
was a news in some financial newspapers. What is the full form of the
term NAV as used in above head lines ?
(A) Nil Accounting Variation
(B) Net Accounting Venture
(C) Net Asset Value
(D) New Asset Venture
(D) None of these
Ans : (C)

2. As per reports published in various news papers, mutual fund
companies showed 94 per cent growth in their total profits during
2009-10. This means the profits earned by these companies were 94 per
cent—
(A) Of the total investments they made collectively during the year
(B) More than their profits during previous year
(C) Of the total capital of the company
(D) Less than the total expenditure of the companies
(D) None of these
Ans : (B)

3. As per the news published in various news papers Pakistan has
imposed 15 per cent regulatory duty on exports of cotton yarn. Why
countries are required to impose regulatory duties on exports of some
of their commodities while in the eyes of the layman more exports
means more foreign exchange and more revenue for the Govt. ?
1. It is done to control the exports of a commodity as it may be
needed more in local markets than in foreign countries.
2. It is done to control the general inflation in the country as the
inordinate exports of various commodities create imbalance and also
cost push inflation.

3. It is a good short time measure to collect more revenue from the
exports of the commodity which is in high demand in overseas markets.
(A) Only 1
(B) Only 2
(C) Only 3
(D) All 1, 2 and 3
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)

4. As per the reports published in some major news papers ‘ADAG
companies’ made good profits during the year. ADAG companies are
popularly known as—
(A) Companies owned by Tata Group
(B) Aditya Birla Companies
(C) Reliance companies
(D) Companies owned by Aptech
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)

5. ONGC – Mittal Energy finds hydrocarbons in two blocks OPL-279 & OPL
-285 in Nigerian sea was the news in some major news papers. what is
the full form of the term OPL as used in the above head line ?
(A) Oil Prospecting License
(B) Ownership and Partnership Lease
(C) Overseas Private Line
(D) ONGC Petroleum Ltd.
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)

6. “Mutual Funds reported exceptional performance in 2009-10? was the
news in major financial news papers recently. What is a mutual fund ?
1. A type of collective investment scheme that pools money from many
investors and invest it in stocks, bonds or other money market
instruments.
2. It is a subsidiary of a bank or financial company created specially
to ralse money to be invested in a particular industry i.e. housing or
insurance etc. The money raised thus cannot be invested anywhere else.
3. When several banks and financial companies come together and create
a common pool of money to fund
mega infrastructural project like bridges, roads, power plants etc.
the common pool is known as Mutual Fund.
(A) Only 1
(B) Only 2
(C) Only 3
(D) All 1, 2 and 3
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)

7. As we all know the Bank Rate at present is fixed at 6%. What does
it mean in context to the banking operations ?
(A) No bank will be able to give loan to any party on a rate lower
than the Bank Rate
(B) Bank should give loan to their priority sector customers/borrowers
at the rate of 6% only. They cannot charge less or more than this from
their priority sector clients
(C) Banks are required to invest 6% of their total capital on
financial inclusion and inclusive banking operations
(D) Banks will be required to give 6% of their total deposits to the
Govt. of India for meeting its Balance of Trade requirements
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)

8. As per the reports in various news papers many private companies
are trying to obtain the licences to launch a banking company in
India. Which of the following organizations/agencies issue the licence
for the same ?
(A) Securities & Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
(B) Indian Institute of Banking & Finance (IIBF)
(C) Indian Bank Association
(D) Registrar of Companies
(E) None of these
Ans : (E)

9. We very frequently read about Europe’s Sovereign—debt crisis these
day. Which of the following statement/s is/are true about the same ?
1. In early 2010 the Euro crisis developed in some countries like
Greece, Spain and Portugal.
2. This created a credit default swap between the countries of the
European Union.

3. SAARC countries have offered some assistance to some of severely
affected countries like Portugal, Spain & Greece.
(A) Only 1
(B) Only 2
(C) Only 1 and 2
(D) All 1, 2 and 3
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)

10. As we all know the RBI has raised the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) by
25 bps. in April 2010. What action banks will have to take to
implement the same ?
1. They will have to deposit some more money with the RBI as a reserved money.
2. Banks will be required to give some more loan to projects of the
priority sector.
3. Banks will be required to give loan equivalent to the CRR to the
Govt. of India for its day to day expenditure as and when required.
(A) Only 1
(B) Only 2
(C) Only 3
(D) Only 1 and 2
(E) All 1, 2 and 3
Ans : (A)

11. As per estimates given by the RBI the Economic Growth during the
year 2010-11 will be at which of the following levels ?
(A) 6•5%
(B) 7%
(C) 7•5%
(D) 8%
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)

12. Which of the following is/are correct about the RBI’s credit
policy announced in April 2010 ?
1. Repo rate raised by 25 bps.
2. A new reporting platform was introduced for secondary market
transactions in Certificate of Deposits (CDs) and Commercial Papers
(CPs).

3. Core Investment Companies (CICs) having an asset size of Rs. 100
crore are required to register also with the RBI.
(A) Only 1
(B) Only 2
(C) Only 3
(D) All 1, 2 and 3
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)

13. As per the announcement made by the RBI some Stock Exchanges in
India are allowed to introduce Plain Vanilla Currency Options. The
term Plain Vanilla Currency Options is associated with which of the
following activities / operations ?
(A) Dollar – Rupee Exchange Rate
(B) Floating of Commercial Papers
(C) Launch of new mutual funds
(D) Deciding the opening price of a share on a particular business day
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)

14. Which of the following is not a term related to banking/finance operations ?
(A) Provision Coverage Ratio
(B) Securitization
(C) Consolidation
(D) Commodification
(E) Derivatives
Ans : (C)

15. The process of “Artificial Application of Water to the soil
usually for assisting in growing crops”, is technically known as—
(A) water harvesting
(B) irrigation
(C) water recharging
(D) percolation
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)

16. As per the news published in major news papers/journals henceforth
the Credit Card holders will be able to access their credit card
information though automated interactive voice response system over
the phone instead of speaking to the staff. This decision ofthe
banks/credit card companies will provide—
1. an additional hurdle to the customers as people feel comfortable in
talking to the staff instead of talking to a machine.
2. an additional security to the customers as this does not allow any
staff to handle any transaction directly.
3. some comfort to the banks as they will be able to reduce their
staff strength.
(A) Only 1
(B) Only 2
(C) Only 3
(D) All 1, 2 and 3
(E) Only 1 and 3
Ans : (B)

17. The 34th National Game which were postponed several times are
scheduled to be held in which of the following states ?
(A) Gujarat
(B) Kerala
(C) Tamil Nadu
(D) Uttar Pradesh
(E) Jharkhand
Ans : (E)

18. Waste Water generates which of the following gases which is more
powerful and dangerous than CO2 ?
(A) Nitrogen
(B) Sulphur di-oxide
(C) Hydrogen
(D) Methane
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)

19. Which of the following days was observed as World Water Day 2010 ?
(A) 20th June
(B) 22nd July
(C) 22nd March
(D) 20th May
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)

20. Late Vinda Karandikar who died a few months back was a famous—
(A) Author
(B) Cine-Actor
(C) Sportsman
(D) Classical Singer
(E) Social Worker
Ans : (A)

21. As per the reports published recently the Govt. of India has
decided to create a separate agency/body scrutinize all Foreign Direct
Investments (FDIs) officially. Up till now the security screening was
being done by the—
(A) Ministry of Foreign Affairs Govt. of India
(B) Reserve Bank of India
(C) Securities & Exchange Board of India
(D) Ministry of Finance, Govt. of India
(E) Ministry of Home Affairs Govt. of India
Ans : (E)

22. As per the news reports in various news papers the USA has
outlined some major policy goals to prevent the danger of nuclear
terrorism. Which of the following is/are included in those policy
goals ?
1. Convene a nuclear security summit within a year’s time under the
leadership of the USA.
2. A new agreement/pact should be introduced in place of present
Nuclear Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT).
3. Call for a global effort to secure all nuclear weapons at all
vulnerable sites all over the world.
(A) Only 1
(B) Only 2
(C) Only 1 and 3
(D) Only 2 and 3
(E) All 1, 2 and 3
Ans : (E)

23. ‘Indira Gandhi Canal’ which is around 450 km long provide
irrigation facility mainly to which of the following states ?
(A) Punjab
(B) Haryana
(C) Madhya Pradesh
(D) Gujarat
(E) Rajasthan
Ans : (E)

24. Former caption of the Indian Cricket team, Ajit Wadekar is
conferred which of the following awards for the year 2010 ?
(A) Bharat Ratna
(B) Khel Shri Award
(C) Dronacharya Award
(D) Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award
(E) None of these
Ans : (E)

25. Who amongst the following is the director of the popular Hindi
film “Oye Lucky ! Lucky Oye” ?
(A) Mani Ratnam
(B) David Dhavan
(C) Dibankar Banerjee
(D) R. Balakrishnan
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)

26. India recently signed an agreement to import Liquified Natural Gas
(LNG) from a country which is the largest LNG producer and supplier of
the world. Which is that country ?
(A) Kuwait
(B) Qatar
(C) Iran
(D) Saudi Arabia
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)

27. As a measure to help countries hit by global financial meltdown
the RBI has purchased notes worth US $ 10 billion in terms of Special
Drawing Rights from a World Organisation/agency. Which is this
agency/organization ?
(A) Federal Reserve of U.S.A.
(B) Asian Development Bank
(C) World Bank
(D) International Monetary Fund
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)

28. Which of the following is not a public sector undertaking under
the Ministry of Defence, Govt. of India ?
(A) Mazagaon Dock Ltd.
(B) Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers Ltd.
(C) Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd.
(D) Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd.
(E) Bharat Earth Movers Ltd.
Ans : (C)

29. Which of the following states won the senior National Women’s
Football Tournament 2010 ?
(A) Manipur
(B) Assam
(C) Tamil Nadu
(D) Kerala
(E) Delhi
Ans : (A)

30. Which of the following is not a missile developed by the Defence
Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) ?
(A) Shaurya
(B) Pinaka
(C) Brahmos
(D) Agni
(E) Nag
Ans : (A)

31. Which of the following declarations/treaties was adopted by the
BRIC countries recently to promote Global Food Security ?
(A) Moscow Declaration
(B) Doha Treaty
(C) Delhi Declaration
(D) Kabul Treaty
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)

32. Which of the following statements represent(s) the main
objective(s) of the revised National Health Policy–2002 of the Govt.
of India ?
1. Increase Public expenditure from 0•9 per cent to 2 per cent of the GDP.
2. Setting up of Medical Grants Commission for funding new Govt.
Medical & Dental colleges.

3. Mandatory two years rural posting before awarding the degree to
Medical Graduates.
(A) Only 1
(B) Only 2
(C) Only 3
(D) Only 1 and 3
(E) All 1, 2 and 3
Ans : (E)

33. Which of the following metals is used for genration of nuclear
Energy by most of the Nuclear Power Plants ?
(A) Zinc
(B) Platinum
(C) Uranium
(D) Nickel
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)

34. Indus Water Treaty is a pact on sharing of river water between India and—
(A) Bangladesh
(B) Pakistan
(C) Nepal
(D) Afghanistan
(E) Myanmar
Ans : (B)

35. The Union Cabinet recently cleared Prohibition of unfair Practices
in Technical Medical Educational Institutes and Universities Bill
2010. As per the bill which of the following will now be treated as a
cognizable offence ?
(A) Accepting capitation fee from the students
(B) Running a private college
(C) Not allowing students to change their course in between
(D) Running a college without proper facilities
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)

36. Which of the following is/are considered a Renewable Source of Energy ?
1. Wind Energy
2. Solar Energy
3. Nuclear Energy
(A) Only 1
(B) Only 2
(C) Only 3
(D) Only 1 and 2
(E) All 1, 2 and 3
Ans : (D)

37. Which of the following countries is not amongst the top ten in
industrial production in the world during 2010 ?
(A) India
(B) Iran
(C) China
(D) France
(E) U.S.A.
Ans : (B)

38. Commonwealth Games 2010 are being organized in which of the
following countries ?
(A) Australia
(B) South Africa
(C) Canada
(D) New Zealand
(E) India
Ans : (E)

39. Which of the following is not a banking related term ?
(A) Radiation
(B) Outstanding amount
(C) Benchmark Prime Lending Rate
(D) Explicit Guarantee
(E) Creditor
Ans : (A)

40. Insurance service provided by various banks is commonly known as—
(A) Investment Banking
(B) Portfolio Management
(C) Merchant Banking
(D) Bancassurance
(E) Micro Finance
Ans : (D)

41. Who amongst the following has recently taken over as the Chairman
of the 19th Law Commission ?
(A) Mr. A. R. Lakshmanan
(B) Mr. P. V. Reddy
(C) Mr. Yashwant Sinha
(D) Mr. Ranjan Bharti Mittal
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)

42. Moortidevi Award is given for excellence in the field of—
(A) Classical dance
(B) Literature
(C) Classical music
(D) Cinematography
(E) Social service
Ans : (B)

43. Which of the following terms is used in the game of Cricket ?
(A) Love
(B) Tee
(C) Penalty stroke
(D) No Ball
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)

44. Which of the following awards is given by an agency of the United
Nations Organization ?
(A) Normon Borloug Award
(B) Kalinga Prize
(C) Ramon Magsaysay Award
(D) Pulitzer Prize
(E) None of these
Ans : (B)

45. Which of the following countries won the Hockey World Cup 2010 ?
(A) Spain
(B) England
(C) India
(D) Australia
(E) None of these
Ans : (D)

46. Who amongst the following is the author of the English novel
‘solo’, which was given Common Wealth Writers’ Prize 2010 ?
(A) Aamer Hussain
(B) Jonathan Tel
(C) Rana Dasgupta
(D) John Torrence Tate
(E) None of these
Ans : (C)

47. Mr. Surjit Patar who was awarded Saraswati Samman recently is a
well known poet of—
(A) Hindi
(B) English
(C) Punjabi
(D) Urdu
(E) Bengali
Ans : (C)

48. Which of the following is the book written by Kiran Desai ?
(A) Higher than Everest
(B) A Passage to England
(C) Affluent Society
(D) All my Yester Years
(E) The Inheritance of Loss
Ans : (E)

49. Which of the following Trophies/cups is associated with the game of Hockey ?
(A) Durand Cup
(B) Santosh Trophy
(C) Rangaswami Cup
(D) Ranji Trophy
(E) K. D. Singh Babu Trophy
Ans : (C)

50. Sandra Bullock who was awarded Oscar recently is a famous—
(A) Actress
(B) Director
(C) Music Composer
(D) Screen play writer
(E) None of these
Ans : (A)
  #3  
26th May 2015, 12:58 PM
Unregistered
Guest
 
Re: Coal India Limited Syllabus and Papers

I am searching for the Coal India Limited Management Trainee Syllabus? Can you please tell me from where I can get the Coal India Limited Management Trainee Syllabus?
  #4  
26th May 2015, 12:59 PM
Super Moderator
 
Join Date: Apr 2013
Re: Coal India Limited Syllabus and Papers

You are looking for the Coal India Limited Management Trainee Syllabus. Here I am providing you the Coal India Limited Management Trainee Syllabus. This is as follows:

Paper-I

General Awareness
Awards
Books and Authors
Budget
Business
Current events
Five Years Plan
National and International affairs
Persons in News
Science and Technology
Sports

General Aptitude
Arithmetic Aptitude
Data Interpretation
Logical Reasoning
Verbal Reasoning
Non-Verbal Reasoning

Paper-II

Technical Knowledge (Geology)


Crystallography
Concept of unit cell
Concept of Point Group
Concept of Space lattice
Concept of Space Group
X-ray diffraction methods
Twinning in crystals
Mineral Chemistry

Mineral Optics
Plane polarized and cross-polarized light
Birefringence
Interference of light waves
Convergent polarized light
Dispersion of light
Absorption of light by minerals

Principles of Stratigraphy
Stratigraphic procedures (Surface and Subsurface)
Lithofacies and Biofacies
Stratigraphic Correlation
Standard stratigraphic code
Lithostratigraphic
Biostratigraphic
Chronostratigraphic
Magnetostratigraphy
Chemostratigraphy
Event Stratigraphy
Sequence Stratigraphy

Paleontology
Invertebrate Paleontology
Vertebrate Paleontology
Introduction to Micropaleontology
Types of Microfossils
Paleopalynology
Foraminifera & Ostracods

Gravity, Interior and Figure of the Earth
The Earth’s figure and Gravity
Application of Global Positioning System
Seismology
Elastic Rebound Theory
Seismic waves and their propagation
Seismic waves and Internal Structure of the Earth
Travel-time Tables and Velocity-depth Curves
Introduction to Geodesy, Geodetic Datum and Co-ordinate Systems
Seismic Tomography
Seismograms

Thermal, electrical, mechanical properties of the Earth, and Geomagnetism
Heat-flow measurements
Heat-flow and Radioactivity
Introduction to Rock Mechanics
Geomagnetism
Geomagnetism and Magnetic Field of the Earth
Physics of Magnetism and Rock Magnetism
Palaeomagnetism
Rock Magnetic Applications in Geosciences
Magnetic Survey

Sedimentology
Sedimentary Petrology
Geologic cycle
Sedimentary textures - Surface textures, Granulometric analysis, Shape and roundness, studies

Petrography
Petrography of rocks
Volcanogenic sedimentary rocks

Magma in Geological processes
Geochemical and geophysical jargon
Magmatism and Plate tectonics
Physical properties of magma
Source Anatomy of the earth
Igneous rocks


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