PGECET Sample Papers for ECE

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AP Post Graduate Engineering Common Entrance Test (PGECET) ECE Electronics & Communication Engineering subject question paper contains questions from following topics:


Networks: Network graphs: matrices associated with graphs; incidence, fundamental cut set and fundamental
circuit matrices. Solution methods: nodal and mesh analysis. Network theorems: superposition, Thevenin and
Norton’s maximum power transfer, Wye-Delta transformation. Steady state sinusoidal analysis using phasors.
Linear constant coefficient differential equations; time domain analysis of simple RLC circuits, Solution of
network equations using Laplace transform: frequency domain analysis of RLC circuits. 2-port network parameters:
driving point and transfer functions. State equations for networks.
Electronic Devices: Energy bands in silicon, intrinsic and extrinsic silicon. Carrier transport in silicon: diffusion
current, drift current, mobility, and resistivity. Generation and recombination of carriers. p-n junction diode,
Zener diode, tunnel diode, BJT, JFET, MOS capacitor, MOSFET, LED, p-I-n and avalanche photo diode, Basics
of LASERs. Device technology: integrated circuits fabrication process, oxidation, diffusion, ion implantation,
photolithography, n-tub, p-tub and twintub CMOS process.
Analog Circuits: Small Signal Equivalent circuits of diodes, BJTs, MOSFETs and analog CMOS. Simple diode
circuits, clipping, clamping, rectifier. Biasing and bias stability of transistor and FET amplifiers. Amplifiers: single
and multi-stage, differential and operational, feedback, and power. Frequency response of amplifiers. Simple
op-amp circuits. Filters. Sinusoidal oscillators; criterion for oscillation; single-transistor and op-amp configurations.
Function generators and waveshaping circuits, 555 Timers. Power supplies.
Digital circuits: Boolean algebra, minimization of Boolean functions; logic gates; digital IC families (DTL,
TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits: arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers, decoders,
PROMs and PLAs. Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Sample and hold
circuits, ADCs, DACs. Semiconductor memories. Microprocessor(8085): architecture, programming, memory
and I/O interfacing.

Signals and Systems: Definitions and properties of Laplace transform, continuous-time and discrete-time
Fourier series, continuous-time and discrete-time Fourier Transform, DFT and FFT, z-transform. Sampling theorem.
Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) Systems: definitions and properties; causality, stability, impulse response, convolution,
poles and zeros, parallel and cascade structure, frequency response, group delay, phase delay. Signal
transmission through LTI systems.

Control Systems: Basic control system components; block diagrammatic description, reduction of block
diagrams. Open loop and closed loop (feedback) systems and stability analysis of these systems. Signal flow
graphs and their use in determining transfer functions of systems; transient and steady state analysis of LTI
control systems and frequency response. Tools and techniques for LTI control system analysis: root loci, Routh-
Hurwitz criterion, Bode and Nyquist plots. Control system compensators: elements of lead and lag compensation,
elements of Proportional-Integral- Derivative (PID) control. State variable representation and solution of
state equation of LTI control systems.

Communications: Random signals and noise: probability, random variables, probability density function,
autocorrelation, power spectral density. Analog communication systems: amplitude and angle modulation and
demodulation systems, spectral analysis of these operations, superheterodyne receivers; elements of hardware,
realizations of analog communication systems; signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) calculations for amplitude modulation
(AM) and frequency modulation (FM) for low noise conditions. Fundamentals of information theory and channel
capacity theorem. Digital communication systems: pulse code modulation (PCM), differential pulse code modulation
(DPCM), digital modulation schemes: amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying schemes (ASK, PSK,
FSK), matched filter receivers, bandwidth consideration and probability of error calculations for these
schemes.Basics of TDMA, FDMA and CDMA and GSM.

Electromagnetics: Elements of vector calculus: divergence and curl; Gauss’ and Stokes’ theorems, Maxwell’s
equations: differential and integral forms. Wave equation, Poynting vector. Plane waves: propagation through
various media; reflection and refraction; phase and group velocity; skin depth. Transmission lines: characteristic
impedance; impedance transformation; Smith chart; impedance matching; parameters, pulse excitation.
Waveguides: modes in rectangular waveguides; boundary conditions; cut-off frequencies; dispersion relations.
Basics of propagation in dielectric waveguide and optical fibers. Basics of Antennas: Dipole antennas; radiation
pattern; antenna gain.
PGECET ECE paper
Q-8 A circuit has a resistance of 11 W, a coil of inductive reactance 120 W, and a
capacitor with a 120-W reactance, all connected in series with a 110-V, 60-Hz power
source. What is the potential difference across each circuit element?
A) (a) VR = 110 V, (b) VL = VC = 1.2 Kv
B) (a) VR = 120 V, (b) VL = VC = 2.4 kV
C) (a) VR = 4.8 V, (b) VL = VC = 0 kV
D) (a) VR = 5.0 V, (b) VL = VC = 8.0 V
Q-2 Applying DeMorgan's theorem to the expression , we get
A) (A+B)+C
B) A(B + C)
C) Both A & B
D) None of above
Q-4 Refer Below figure to Determine the resonant frequency…
A) 123.4 kHz
B) 61.7 kHz
C) 45.97 kHz
D) 23.1 kHz
Q-4 Express the decimal number 57 in binary.
A) 100101
B) 111010
C) 110010
D) 111001
A D V E R T I S E M E N T
Q-5 A vertical electric dipole antenna
a) radiates uniformly in all directions.
b) radiates uniformly in all horizontal directions, but more strongly in the vertical
direction.
c) radiates most strongly and uniformly in the horizontal directions
d) does not radiate in the horizontal directions


Q-6 A particle oscillates according to the equation y=5.0 cos 23 t, where y is in
centimeters. Find its frequency of oscillation and its position at t=0.15 s.
a) f = 23 Hz, y = -4.8 cm
B) f = 3.7 Hz, y = -5.0 cm
C) f = 3.7 Hz, y = -4.8 cm
D) f = 3.7 Hz, y = +4.8 cm
Q-7 A 10.0-µF capacitor is in series with a 40.0-W resistance, and the combination is
connected to a 110-V, 60.0-Hz line. Calculate (a) the capacitive reactance, (b) the
impedance of the circuit, (c) the current in the circuit, (d) the phase angle between current
and supply voltage
A) (a) 0.0038W (b) 305W (c) 0.415 A (d) voltage lags by 8.58°
B) (a) 266W (b) 269W (c) 0.409 A (d) voltage lags by 81.4°
C) (a) 16 kW (b) 72 kW (c) 2.75 A (d) voltage lags by 6.63°
D) (a) 2.6 kW (b) 262W (c) 0.256 MA (d) voltage leads by 81.4°
Q-8 A circuit has a resistance of 11 W, a coil of inductive reactance 120 W, and a
capacitor with a 120-W reactance, all connected in series with a 110-V, 60-Hz power
source. What is the potential difference across each circuit element?
A) (a) VR = 110 V, (b) VL = VC = 1.2 Kv
B) (a) VR = 120 V, (b) VL = VC = 2.4 kV
C) (a) VR = 4.8 V, (b) VL = VC = 0 kV
D) (a) VR = 5.0 V, (b) VL = VC = 8.0 V
Q-9 What is the primary function of multiplexing?
A ) To match the frequency range of a signal to a particular channel.
B ) To reduce the bandwidth of a signal.
C ) To select one radio channel from a wide range of transmitted channels. D ) To allow a number of signals to make use of a single communications channel.
Q-10 A second step to further increase system capacity is a digital access method called
TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access). Using the same frequency channelization and
reuse as FDMA analog but adding a time sharing element, the effective capacity is:
A) Doubled
B) Tripled
C) Reduced by one third
D) Unchanged
Q-11 What are Pseudo-Random noise sequences, or P/N Sequences?
A) P/N Sequences are known sequences which exhibit the properties or chracteristics of
random sequences
B) P/N Sequences can be used to logically isolate users on the same physical (frequency)
channel
C) P/N Sequences appear as random noise to everyone else, except to the transmitter and
intended receiver
D) All of the above
Q-12 An op-amp integrator has a square-wave input. The output should be
A ) a sine wave.
B) a triangle wave
C) a square wave.
D) pure DC.
Q-13 What is the relationship between the series and parallel resonant frequencies of a
quartz crystal?
A) They are equal.
B) Parallel resonant frequency is approximately 1 kHz higher than series resonant
frequency
C) Series resonant frequency is approximately 1 kHz higher than parallel resonant
frequency.
D) none of the above
Q-14 Refer Below figure to Determine the resonant frequency…
A) 123.4 kHz
B) 61.7 kHz
C) 45.97 kHz
D) 23.1 kHz
Q-15 Which FET amplifier(s) has (have) a phase inversion between input and output
signals?
A) common-gate
B) common-drain
C) common-source
D) all of the above