| Re: TNAU Horticulture Study Material
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B.Sc Horticulture
1st Year 1st SEM
Fundamentals of Horticulture
Botany of Horticultural crops
Principles of Analytical Chemistry
Agricultural Microbiology
Applied Mathematics
Fundamentals of Information
Technology
English for Effective Communication
Physical Education
National Service Scheme
TANU B.Sc Agri Syllabus
FSC 101 FUNDAMENTALS OF HORTICULTURE 2 + 1
Aim
To teach the basic and fundamental aspects of horticulture
Theory
Unit I Basic concepts of horticulture
Scope and importance – Global scenario of horticultural crops- Divisions
of horticulture - area and production – export and import - classification of horticultural
crops – Nutritive value of horticultural crops – horticultural therapy – Horticulture
Zones of India and Tamil Nadu – Horticultural developmental agencies
Unit II Soil and climatic factors on crop production
Influence of soil – physical and chemical properties and climatic factors – light,
temperature, photoperiod, relative humidity, rainfall, micro climate, pollution –
influence of biotic and abiotic stresses on crop production
Unit III Nursery techniques and cropping systems
Nursery techniques – vegetable garden – Nutrition garden, kitchen
garden and other types of gardens - planting systems – planning, layout and
management of an orchard- wind breaks - after-cultural practices – clonal orchards- use
of growth regulators – water management – drip and fertigation - weed management -
nutrient management - soil fertility management - cropping systems - intercropping -
multi-tier cropping
Unit IV Growth and development
Important phases of growth and development - bearing habits - Principles and
methods of pruning and training of horticultural crops– rejuvenation of old and senile
orchards- factors influencing fruitfulness and unfruitfulness – special horticultural
practices
Unit V Protected cultivation and post harvest handling
Protected cultivation – principles of organic horticulture – hydroponics -
harvesting and post harvest handling – processing, value addition, storage and
marketing of horticultural produce.
Practical
Features of orchard - planning and layout of orchard – Tools and implements –
layout of nutrition garden – preparation of nursery beds – sowing vegetable seeds –
digging pits for fruit plants and planting - layout of irrigation systems - preparation
and application of fertilizer mixtures – preparation and application of growth
regulators – identification and management of nutritional disorder in fruits and
vegetables - assessment of bearing habits – practice in training and pruning of fruit
crops– structures for protected cultivation – study of maturity standards – harvesting,
grading, packing and storage of horticultural crops.
Lecture schedule
1. Scope, importance and divisions of Horticulture
2. Global and national scenario of area, production, export and import of
horticultural crops
3. Classification and Nutritive value of horticultural crops
4. Horticultural therapy
5. Horticulture zones of India and TamilNadu
6. National and state level agencies involved in Horticultural development
7. Role of soil – physical and chemical properties in horticultural crop production
8. Role of climatic factors in horticultural crop production
9. Biotic stress and management in horticultural crops
10. Abiotic stress and management in horticultural crops
11. Nursery techniques and production of healthy planting materials
12. Vegetable gardens – nutrition garden, kitchen garden and other types of gardens
13. Planning, layout and management of an orchard
14. Planting systems and planting
15. After cultural practices and clonal orchards
16. Growth regulators and their role in horticulture crops
17. Mid semester examination
18. Water management including drip irrigation and fertigation system in
horticultural crops
19. Weed management in horticultural crops
20. Nutrient management and fertigation in horticultural crops
21. Soil fertility management and fertigation in horticultural crops
22. Cropping systems – intercropping and multi-tier cropping and mulching
23. Growth and development including bearing habits of horticultural crops
24. Principles and methods of training in horticultural crops
25. Principles and methods of pruning in horticultural crops
26. Factors influencing fruitfulness and unfruitfulness in major horticultural crops
27. Rejuvenation of old, unproductive orchards
28. Special horticultural practices
29. Protected cultivation in horticultural crops
30. Organic horticulture
31. Hydroponics in horticultural crops
32. Harvesting and post harvest handling of horticultural crops
33. Processing and value addition of horticultural crops
34. Marketing and storage of horticultural crops
Practical schedule
1. Study of different features of an orchard
2. Planning and layout of orchard
3. Planning and layout of orchard – Advanced
4. Tools and implements used in cultivation
5. Layout of nutrition garden
6. Preparation of nursery bed and sowing of vegetable seeds
7. Preparation of pits and planting of fruit plants
8. Layout of different irrigation systems and irrigation methods
9. Preparation of fertilizer mixtures and method of application
10. Preparation and application of growth regulators
11. Identification and correction of nutritional and physiological disorders
12. Study of bearing habits in horticultural crops
13. Methods of training and pruning in horticultural crops
14. Observation of structures used in protected cultivation and storage structures
15. Study of maturity standards, harvesting, grading, packing and storage of
horticultural crops
16. Visit to private orchards and cold storage unit
17. Practical Examination
Outcome
After completion of this course, the students will acquire basic knowledge about
the fundamental aspects of horticulture. The students in turn will find it easier to
undergo other horticultural courses in the following semesters.
Text Books
1. Adams, C.R. and M. P. Early. 2004. Principles of horticulture. Butterworth –
Heinemam, Oxford University Press.
2. Bansil. P.C. 2008. Horticulture in India. CBS Publishers and Distributors, New
Delhi.
3. Kumar, N.1997. Introduction to Horticulture, Rajalakshmi Publication, Nagercoil.
Further reading
1. Bhattacharjee.S.K. 2006. Amenity Horticulture, Biotechnology and Post harvest
technology. Pointer publishers. Jaipur
2. Chadha, K.L. 2001, Handbook of Horticulture, ICAR, New Delhi.
3. Chandra, R. and M. Mishra. 2003. Micropropagation of horticultural crops.
International Book Distributing Co., Lucknow.
4. Chattopadhyaya, P.K.2001. A text book on Pomology (Fundamentals of fruit
growing) Kalyani Publication, New Delhi
5. Christopher, E.P. 2001. Introductory Horticulture, Biotech Books, New Delhi
6. Edmond, J.B. T.L.Senn, F.S. Andrews and P.G.Halfacre, 1975. Fundamentals of
Horticulture, Tata MC. Graw Hill Publishing Co.New Delhi
7. George Acquaah, 2002, Horticulture-principles and practices. Prentice-Half of
India pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
8. Hartman, H.T. and Kester, D.E. 1986. Plant propagation – Principles and
Practices – Prentice Hall of India Ltd., New Delhi.
9. Jacob John. P. 2008. A hand book of post harvest management of fruits and
vegetables. Daya publishers.
10. Jitendra Singh. 2006. Basic Horticulture. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.
11. Rajan, S. and B.L. Markose. 2007. Propagation of horticultural crops. New India
Publishing, New Delhi.
12. Shanmugavelu, K.G., N. Kumar and K.V. Peter. 2005. Production technology of
spices and plantation crops. Agrobios, Jodhpur.
13. Singh, D.K. 2008. Hi-tech horticulture. Agrotech publishers, Udaipur
14. Singh, N.P. 2005. Basic concepts of fruit science. International Book Distributing
Co., Lucknow.
15. Surendra Prasad and U. Kumar. 1999. Principles of horticulture, Agro-botanica,
Bikaner, India.
16. Sureshkumar, P. Sagar and Manish Kanwat. 2009. Post harvest physiology and
quality management of fruits and vegetables. Agrotech publishers, Udaipur
17. Utpal Banerjee. 2008. Horticulture. Mangal Deep publishers
18. Vijaikumar UmRao. 2008. Horticulture terms – Definitions and Terminology. IBD
publishers, Dehradun
VSC 101 BOTANY OF HORTICULTURAL CROPS 1+1
Aim
To teach basic and fundamental aspects on botany of the horticultural crops.
Theory
Unit I
Systematic botany– terminology, morphological description and classification –
root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower and fruit – flowering mechanism – modes of
pollination – asexual/vegetative reproduction – floral biology – fertilization and fruit
set. Principles involved in nomenclature, ICBN rules and recommendations with special
reference to names of hybrids and names of cultivated plants.
Unit II
Botany, floral biology, pollination, fruit set and economic part in the families
Anacardiaceae (mango, cashew), Rutaceae (acid lime, sweet orange and mandarin),
Musaceae, Moraceae, Vitaceae, Caricaceae, Euphorbiaceae (aonla, cassava, rubber),
Myrtaceae (guava, clove), Sapotaceae, Bromeliaceae, Punicaceae, Annonaceae (custard
apple), Rhamnaceae and Rosaceae (apple, pear, plum, rose).
Unit III
Botany, floral biology, pollination, fruit set and economic part in the families
Solanaceae (tomato, brinjal, chilli, potato), Malvaceae, Cucurbitaceae (pumpkin,
watermelon, muskmelon, ridge gourd, bitter gourd, cucumber), Moringaceae, Fabaceae
(peas, French beans), Alliaceae (onion, garlic), Brassicaceae (cabbage, cauliflower,
radish), Chenopodiaceae, Amaranthaceae, Convolvulaceae (sweetpotato), Araceae
(elephant foot yam, colocasia), Dioscoreaceae (yam, medicinal dioscorea).
Unit IV
Botany, floral biology, pollination, fruit set and economic part in the families
Piperaceae (pepper, betelvine) Zingiberaceae (cardamom, turmeric, ginger),
Orchidaceae (Vanilla, Dendrobium orchid), Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) (coriander),
Myristicaceae, Lauraceae, Leguminosae, Caesalpiniaceae, Camelliaceae, Rubiaceae,
Arecaceae(Palmae) (coconut, arecanut, palmyrah, oil palm), Sterculiaceae(Cocoa).
Unit V
Botany, floral biology, pollination, fruit set and economic part in the families
Oleaceae (malligai, mullai, jathimalli), Asteraceae (chrysanthemum, marigold,
marikolundu, gerbera, golden rod, aster, pyrethrum), Amaryllidaceae, Acanthaceae,
Caryophyllaceae, Iridaceae, Apocynaceae, Poaceae (Graminae), (lemongrass,
citrononella, palmarosa, vetiver), Geraniaceae, Lamiaceae (Labiatae) (coleus, patchouli,
mint, maruvu), Scrophulariaceae.
Practical
Observation and recording the morphology of root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit.
Study of taxonomy and morphology of crops in the above families – herbarium
(minimum 50 – covering not less than 25 families) collection of the crops mentioned in
theory.
Lecture schedule
1. Systematic botany-principles involved in nomenclature.
2. Terminology, morphological description and classification based on root, stem,
leaf, inflorescence, flower and fruit.
3. Flowering mechanism – modes of pollination – asexual/vegetative reproduction –
floral biology – fertilization and fruit set. Botany, floral biology, pollination, fruit
set and economic part in the families- ICBN rules and recommendations – special
reference to names of hybrids and cultivated plants
4. Anacardiaceae (mango, cashew), Rutaceae (acid lime, sweet orange and
mandarin) and Musaceae.
5. Moraceae, Vitaceae, Caricacea, Euphorbiaceae (aonla, cassava, rubber), Myrtaceae
(guava, clove) and Sapotaceae.
6. Bromeliaceae, Punicaceae, Annonaceae (custard apple), Rhamnaceae and Rosaceae
(apple, pear, plum, rose).
7. Solanaceae (tomato, brinjal, chilli, potato) and Malvaceae.
8. Cucurbitaceae (pumpkin, watermelon, muskmelon, ridge gourd, bitter gourd,
cucumber).
9. Mid-semester examination.
10. Moringaceae and Fabaceae (peas, French beans) and Alliaceae (onion, garlic).
11. Brassicaceae (cabbage, cauliflower, radish), Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae.
12. Convolvulaceae, Umbelliferae, Araceae (elephant foot yam, colocasia) and
Dioscoreaceae (yam, medicinal dioscorea).
13. Piperaceae (pepper, betelvine) Zingiberaceae (cardamom, turmeric, ginger),
Orchidaceae (vanilla, dendrobium orchid) and Apiaceae (coriander).
14. Myristicaceae, Lauraceae, Leguminosae and Caesalpiniaceae.
15. Camelliaceae, Rubiaceae, Palmae (coconut, arecanut, palmyrah, oil palm),
Sterculiaceae.
16. Oleaceae (malligai, mullai, jathimalli), Asteraceae (chrysanthemum, marigold,
marikolundu, gerbera, golden rod, aster, pyrethrum), Amaryllidaceae and
Acanthaceae.
17. Caryophyllaceae, Iradiaceae, Apocynaceae, Graminae, (lemongrass, citrononella,
palmarosa, vetiver), Geraniaceae, Labiatae (coleus, patchouli, mint, maruvu) and
Scrophulariaceae.
Practical schedule
Observation and description of the taxonomy and morphological characters of the
crops in the families
1. Anacardiaceae (mango, cashew), Rutaceae (acid lime, sweet orange and mandarin)
and Musaceae.
2. Moraceae, Vitaceae and Caricacea.
3. Euphorbiaceae (aonla, cassava, rubber), Myrtaceae (guava, clove) and Sapotaceae.
4. Bromeliaceae, Punicaceae, Annonaceae (custard apple), Rhamnaceae and Rosaceae
(apple, pear, plum, rose).
5. Solanaceae (tomato, brinjal, chilli, potato) and Malvaceae.
6. Cucurbitaceae (pumpkin, watermelon, muskmelon, ridge gourd, bitter gourd,
cucumber).
7. Moringaceae and Fabaceae (peas, French beans) and Alliaceae (onion, garlic).
8. Brassicaceae (cabbage, cauliflower, radish), Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae.
9. Convolvulaceae, Umbelliferae, Araceae (elephant foot yam, colocasia) and
Dioscoreaceae (yam, medicinal dioscorea).
10. Piperaceae (pepper, betelvine) Zingiberaceae (cardamom, turmeric, ginger),
Orchidaceae (vanilla, dendrobium orchid) and Apiaceae (coriander).
11. Myristicaceae, Lauraceae, Leguminosae and Caesalpiniaceae.
12. Camelliaceae, Rubiaceae, Palmae (coconut, arecanut, palmyrah, oil palm) and
Sterculiaceae.
13. Oleaceae (malligai, mullai, jathimalli), Amaryllidaceae and Acanthaceae.
14. Asteraceae (chrysanthemum, marigold, marikolundu, gerbera, golden rod, aster,
pyrethrum)
15. Caryophyllaceae, Iradiaceae, Apocynaceae and Geraniaceae
16. Graminae (lemongrass, citrononella, palmarosa, vetiver), Labiatae (coleus,
patchouli, mint, maruvu) and Scrophulariaceae
17. Practical examination.
Outcome
The students will learn the basics of botany and the botanical terms in relation to
horticultural crops. This fundamental course will help students to understand the
course on breeding of horticultural crops.
This course will help students to understand the course on morphology and
diagnostic characters of plants/families and in turn, it will help to undertake the
breeding of the horticultural crops.
Text books
1. Mauseth, J.D. 2009. Botany: an introduction to plant biology. Jones and Bartlett
Publishers, MA.
2. Spichiger, R., Savolainen, V., Figeat, M., Jeanmond, D. 2004. Systematic Botany of
flowering plants. Science Publishers Inc., USA.
3. Jansi Rani, P. Subramanian, S., Veeraragavathatham and S. Thamburaj, 1997.
Botany of vegetable crops. KRS Screen Printers, Lawley Road, Coimbatore.
4. Gangulee, Das and Datta. 1997. College Botany Vol. I. New Central Book Agency
(P) Ltd., 8/1, Chintamani Daslane, Calcutta – 700 009.
5. Genin, A. 1994. Application of Botany in Horticulture. Oxford & IBH Publishing
Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
6. Kochhar, S.L. 1992. Economic Botany in the tropics. Macmillan India Ltd.,
Madras, 600 041.
7. Madhu Arora, 1991. Dictionary of Botany. Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi.
8. Joseph Y. Bergen, 1990. Fundamentals of Botany. Arihant Publishers, Jaipur
(India)
9. Subhash Chandra Datt, 1989. Systematic Botany – Willey Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.
10. Bahadur and Achari. 1989. A manual of Botany. Anmol Publications, New Delhi.
11. Sambamurthy and Subrahmanyam. 1989. Text Book of Economic Botany. Wiley
Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.
12. Simpson, B.B. and Ogorzaly, M.C. 1986. Economic Botany. Mc Graw-Hill Book
Company, New York.
For detailed syllabus, here is attachment;
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