NEET Exam Bio Syllabus

Hi I would lie to have the information about the NEET Examination as well as the syllabus for the biology section of the exam?

[Rajkumar Agarwal]

The Central Board of Secondary Education arranges a national level placement test called as National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET). For the year 2017, the exam will be directed in May month. This exam is held for entrance into MBBS and BDS programs that are offered by different schools in India.

The NEET 2017 syllabus will be endorsed by the Medical Council of India. The syllabus will be founded on Class eleventh and Class twelfth subjects, sections and themes. The syllabus will comprise of four segments: Physics, Chemistry, Zoology and Botany. The NEET syllabus is set up subsequent to assessing different state syllabii and also those arranged by the Council Board of School Education (COBSE), Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) National Council of Education Research and Training (NCERT).

NEET Syllabus for Biology
S.No.
Class XI
Class XII

1
Cell Structure and Function
Biology and Human Welfare
2
Diversity in Living World
Biotechnology and Its Applications
3
Human physiology
Ecology and environment
4
Plant Physiology
Genetics and Evolution
5
Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants
Reproduction

Biology Syllabus

CONTENTS OF CLASS XI SYLLABUS

UNIT I: Diversity in Living World
• What is living? ; Biodiversity; Need for classification; Three domains of life; Taxonomy & Systematics; Concept of
species and taxonomical hierarchy; Binomial nomenclature; Tools for study of Taxonomy – Museums, Zoos, Herbaria,
Botanical gardens. • Five kingdom classification; salient features and classification of Monera; Protista and Fungi into major groups; Lichens;
Viruses and Viroids. • Salient features and classification of plants into major groups-Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and
Angiosperms (three to five salient and distinguishing features and at least two examples of each category); Angiosperms- classification up to class, characteristic features and examples). • Salient features and classification of animals-nonchordate up to phyla level and chordate up to classes level (three to five
salient features and at least two examples).

UNIT II: Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants • Morphology and modifications; Tissues; Anatomy and functions of different parts of flowering plants: Root, stem, leaf,
inflorescence- cymose and recemose, flower, fruit and seed (To be dealt along with the relevant practical of the Practical
Syllabus). • Animal tissues; Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and
reproductive) of an insect (cockroach). (Brief account only)
UNIT III: Cell Structure and Function
• Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life; Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell; Plant cell and animal cell; Cell
envelope, cell membrane, cell wall; Cell organelles-structure and function; Endomembrane system-endoplasmic reticulum,
Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, micro bodies; Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella,
centrioles (ultra structure and function); Nucleus-nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus. • Chemical constituents of living cells: Biomolecules-structure and function of proteins, carbodydrates, lipids, nucleic acids;
Enzymes-types, properties, enzyme action. • B Cell division: Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance.
UNIT IV: Plant Physiology
• Transport in plants: Movement of water, gases and nutrients; Cell to cell transport-Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active
transport; Plant – water relations – Imbibition, water potential, osmosis, plasmolysis; Long distance transport of water – Absorption, apoplast, symplast, transpiration pull, root pressure and guttation; Transpiration-Opening and closing of
stomata; Uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients-Transport of food, phloem transport, Mass flow hypothesis;
Diffusion of gases (brief mention). • Mineral nutrition: Essential minerals, macro and micronutrients and their role; Deficiency symptoms; Mineral toxicity;
Elementary idea of Hydroponics as a method to study mineral nutrition; Nitrogen metabolism-Nitrogen cycle, biological
nitrogen fixation. • Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis as a means of Autotrophic nutrition; Site of photosynthesis take place; pigments involved
in Photosynthesis (Elementary idea); Photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; Cyclic and non cyclic and
photophosphorylation; Chemiosmotic hypothesis; Photorespiration C3 and C4 pathways; Factors affecting photosynthesis. • Respiration: Exchange gases; Cellular respiration-glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport
system (aerobic); Energy relations-Number of ATP molecules generated; Amphibolic pathways; Respiratory quotient. • Plant growth and development: Seed germination; Phases of Plant growth and plant growth rate; Conditions of growth;
Differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation; Sequence of developmental process in a plant cell; Growth
regulators-auxin,gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA; Seed dormancy; Vernalisation; Photoperiodism.

UNIT V: Human Physiology
• Digestion and absorption; Alimentary canal and digestive glands; Role of digestive enzymes and gastrointestinal hormones;
Peristalsis, digestion, absorption and assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; Caloric value of proteins, carbohydrates
and fats; Egestion; Nutritional and digestive disorders – PEM, indigestion, constipation, vomiting, jaundice, diarrhea. • Breathing and Respiration: Respiratory organs in animals (recall only); Respiratory system in humans; Mechanism of breathing
and its regulation in humans-Exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration Respiratory volumes; Disorders
related to respiration-Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational respiratory disorders. • Body fluids and circulation: Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood; Composition of lymph and its function;
Human circulatory system-Structure of human heart and blood vessels; Cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG, Double circulation;
Regulation of cardiac activity; Disorders of circulatory system-Hypertension, Coronary artery disease, Angina pectoris, Heart
failure. • Excretory products and their elimination: Modes of excretion- Ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; Human excretory
system-structure and fuction; Urine formation, Osmoregulation; Regulation of kidney function-Renin-angiotensin, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes insipidus; Role of other organs in excretion; Disorders; Uraemia, Renal failure, Renal
calculi, Nephritis; Dialysis and artificial kidney. • Locomotion and Movement: Types of movement- ciliary, fiagellar, muscular; Skeletal muscle- contractile proteins and muscle contraction; Skeletal system and its functions (To be dealt with the relevant practical of Practical syllabus); Joints; Disorders of muscular and skeletal system-Myasthenia gravis, Tetany, Muscular dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout. • Neural control and coordination: Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in humans- central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system; Generation and conduction of nerve impulse; Reflex action; Sense organs; Elementary structure and function of eye and ear. • Chemical coordination and regulation: Endocrine glands and hormones; Human endocrine system-Hypothalamus, Pituitary,
Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of hormone action (Elementary Idea); Role of hormones as
messengers and regulators, Hypo-and hyperactivity and related disorders (Common disorders e.g. Dwarfism, Acromegaly,
Cretinism, goiter, exopthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison’s disease).
(Imp: Diseases and disorders mentioned above to be dealt in brief.)

CONTENTS OF CLASS XII SYLLABUS

UNIT I: Reproduction
• Reproduction in organisms: Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of species; Modes of
reproduction – Asexual and sexual; Asexual reproduction; Modes-Binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule,
fragmentation; vegetative propagation in plants. • Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; Development of male and female gametophytes; Pollinationtypes, agencies and examples; Outbreeding devices; Pollen-Pistil interaction; Double fertilization; Post fertilization events- Development of endosperm and embryo, Development of seed and formation of fruit; Special modes-apomixis,
parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed and fruit formation. • Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; Gametogenesis- spermatogenesis & oogenesis; Menstrual cycle; Fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation;
Pregnancy and placenta formation (Elementary idea); Parturition (Elementary idea); Lactation (Elementary idea). • Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD); Birth control- Need and Methods, Contraception and Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies – IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea for general awareness).

UNIT II: Genetics and Evolution
• Heredity and variation: Mendelian Inheritance; Deviations from Mendelism-Incomplete dominance, Co-dominance,
Multiple alleles and Inheritance of blood groups, Pleiotropy; Elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; Chromosome
theory of inheritance; Chromosomes and genes; Sex determination-In humans, birds, honey bee; Linkage and crossing
over; Sex linked inheritance-Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans-Thalassemia; Chromosomal
disorders in humans; Down’s syndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes. • Molecular basis of Inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA;
DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central dogma; Transcription, genetic code, translation; Gene expression and
regulation-Lac Operon; Genome and human genome project; DNA finger printing. • Evolution: Origin of life; Biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution from Paleontology, comparative
anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence); Darwin’s contribution, Modern Synthetic theory of Evolution; Mechanism
of evolution-Variation (Mutation and Recombination) and Natural Selection with examples, types of natural selection;
Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-Weinberg’s principle; Adaptive Radiation; Human evolution.

UNIT III: Biology and Human Welfare • Health and Disease; Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (Malaria, Filariasis, Ascariasis. Typhoid, Pneumonia,
common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm); Basic concepts of immunology-vaccines; Cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence,
drug and alcohol abuse. • Improvement in food production; Plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein, Biofortification; Apiculture and Animal
husbandry. • Microbes in human welfare: In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and
as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers.

UNIT IV: Biotechnology and Its Applications • Principles and process of Biotechnology: Genetic engineering (Recombinant DNA technology). • Application of Biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, gene therapy; Genetically
modified organisms-Bt crops; Transgenic Animals; Biosafety issues-Biopiracy and patents.

UNIT V: Ecology and environment • Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche; Population and ecological adaptations; Population interactions-mutualism,
competition, predation, parasitism; Population attributes-growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution. • Ecosystem: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; Energy flow; Pyramids of number, biomass, energy;
Nutrient cycling (carbon and phosphorous); Ecological succession; Ecological Services-Carbon fixation, pollination,
oxygen release. • Biodiversity and its conservation: Concept of Biodiversity; Patterns of Biodiversity; Importance of Biodiversity; Loss of
Biodiversity; Biodiversity conservation; Hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves,
National parks and sanctuaries. • Environmental issues: Air pollution and its control; Water pollution and its control; Agrochemicals and their effects; Solid
waste management; Radioactive waste management; Greenhouse effect and global warning; Ozone depletion;
Deforestation; Any three case studies as success stories addressing environmental issues