Microbiology PG Entrance Exam Syllabus

Here I am looking for Pune University M.Sc Microbiology PG Entrance Exam Syllabus, can you please provide???

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You need Pune University M.Sc Microbiology PG Entrance Exam Syllabus, here I am giving;

M.Sc Microbiology Entrance Exam Syllabus:

General Microbiology: Milestones of the historical development of Microbiology- Discovery of
Microorganisms- Contributions of Scientists of Microbiology. Theory of spontaneous generation
and biogenesis. Different types of microscopes, their construction and working principles, Simple
and Compound microscope. Stereomicroscope. Principles, construction and mode of operation of
Scanning and transmission electron microscope, limitations. Preparation of specimens for electron
microscopic studies. Simple staining (positive and negative), differential staining (Gram’s staining
and acid – fast staining), structural staining (Capsule, Flagella, Cell wall and Endospore of
bacteria), nuclear staining, wet mounting method – staining of algae and fungi. Hanging drop
method. Principles and methods of sterilization.

The Microbial World: Groups of microorganisms: Viruses, Prokaryotes, and Eukaryotes. Study of
ultra structure of typical prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell, comparative account. General
Principles of classification and nomenclature of microorganisms (Haeckel’s three kingdom
classification and Whittaker’s five kingdom classification). General characteristics of viruses,
classification of viruses, isolation and identification of viruses. Study of structure and replication of
viruses: Bacteriophages T4 phage, Cyanophages. Phytophagenae TMV, Zoophagenae – Influenza
and HIV. Viroids and Prions. Ultra Structure of bacterial cell, classification of bacteria in brief as
per Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Distribution, structure of typical algal cell.
General thallus structure and reproduction in algae and fungi.

Microbial Growth and Metabolism: Major nutritional types of microorganisms. Nutritional
requirements of microorganisms. Uptake of nutrients – passive and active transport. Microbial
Growth rate and generation time, growth curve – phases of growth and their significance.
Nomenclature, classification, properties of microbial enzymes mode and mechanism of enzyme
action, enzyme regulation, inhibition, cofactors and coenzymes. Photosynthetic microorganisms,
photosynthetic pigments and apparatus in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Mechanism of
photosynthesis in bacteria. Anaerobic Respiration: breakdown of glucose to pyruvate – EMP, HMP
and ED pathways, Fermentation- conversion of pyruvate to ethanol and lactic acid. Aerobic
Respiration: formation of acetyl CoA from pyruvate, TCA Cycle, Electron transport and oxidative
phosphorylation, efficiency of aerobic and anaerobic respiration as energy yielding processes.
Symbiotic and asymbiotic nitrogen fixation, nodule formation, bacteroids, leghaemoglobin,
mechanism and biochemistry of N2 fixation, amino acid synthesis, proteolysis, nitrification and
denitrification. Biosynthesis of fatty acids, biosynthesis of triglyceriods and phospholipids,
degradation of fatty acids, oxidation of fatty acids.

Microbial Genetics
: Chromosomes: Prokaryotic and eukaryoti
c organization. Recombination in
Bacteria:Tran
sformation, Transduction
and Conjugation process
–
F
–
factor, Sexduction,
Transposons. Extrachromosomal genetic elements and their importance
.
Structure and
types
of
DNA
and R
NA
.
Replication
–
mode and mechan
ism, replication in prokaryotic DNA
–
general
methodology
,
Gene
–
protein
relationship:
one gene
–
one enzyme and one gene
–
polypeptide
concept.
Protien synthesis
–
transcription and translation, genetic code
–
features, triplet code,
Wobble hypothesis,
nonsense codo
n, evolution of genetic code,
r
egulation of
gene expression in
prokaryotes. Nature and types of mutation. M
utagenic agents: physical and chemical mutagens,
damage and repair of DNA: Photoreactivation & SOS repair
Environmental microbiology
: Microbes and atmosphere, Air spora of indoor and outdoor
environment, factors affecting air spora, significance of air
-
borne microbes, management of air
-
borne microbes.
Microbiology of water:
dist
ribution of microorganisms in the aquatic environment.
Water
pollution:
Sources, water
-
borne diseases
-
viral (jaundice), bacterial (cholera) and protozoan,
(amoebic dysentry)
.
Biological indicators of water pollution. Determination of sanitary
qu
ality of water: SPC, Tests for coliform, MPN, IMVIC reactions, membrane filter technique.
Microbiolog
y of waste water:
Sources of waste water
-
domestic, agricultural and industrial,
physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of waste water.
Waste water treatment: Single dwelling unit
–
septic
tank:
municipal waste water treat
ment
-
Primary
,
secondary (trickling filter, activated sludge process, oxidation pond), Tertiary (reverse
osmosis, ion excha
nge method and
dialysis)
and reclamation of waste water. Solid waste recycling:
Anaerobic digestion process, Biogas and composting
Genetic
engineering
:
Tools involved in genetic engineering: Modifying
enzymes:
Restriction
enzymes, ligases, methylases.
Cloning vehicles
–
Naturally
occurring
plasmids, cloning plasmids
(PBR 322 and PUC 18).
Viruses as cloning vehicles (DNA, M 13)
and
hybrid vectors (cosmid,
yac). DNA isolation, gel electrophoresis: Agarose gel
-
principle and method transformation
methods. DNA libraries:
Brief account of Genomic and c
DNA libraries
–
applications
.
Blottings:
Southern, Northern and
Western
.
DNA
sequ
encing:
Brief account of Maxam and Gilbert’s
methods, Sanger’s method, automated sequencing method. Restriction fra
gment length
polymorphism.
Molecular probes (Finger printing). Applicatio
ns of genetic engineering in
Agriculture, Waste water management, In
dustries, Human health, Potential problems of genetic
engineering; social impact of genetic engineering.
Microorganisms in agriculture
: Biofertilizers:
Nitrogen fixing, Phosphate solubilizing and
cellulolytic microbes,mass production of bacterial inoculant
s (
Rhizobium, Azotobacter,
Azospirillum, cyanobacteria
) mode of applications, advantages and limitations. Biological control:
mechanism of antagonism, amensalism, compet
ition predation and parasitism. Application of
biological control on field.
Biopesticid
es:
types
–
bacterial, viral, fungal
and protozoan, mode of
action
, target
pests, use of transgenic plants.
Rhizosphere
microorganisms:
Rhizosphere and
rhizoplane, interactions among micro organisms
–
neutralism, mutualism, commensalisms
,
antagonism and parasitism
Plant
–
microbe interaction
–
mycorrhizae.
Plant pathology:
classification of plant diseases, principles of infection and spread of diseases in gener
al.
Food Microbiology
:
Food as a substrate for growth of
microorganism’s
.
Mic
robial spoilage of
food and food preservation
techniques.
Microbial spoilage of food
–
Fruits, vegetables, meat,
poultry, canned foods.
Important methods of food preservations.
Physical method
-
High
temperature, Canning, Lo
w temperature, Drying, radiation
and
Chemical preservatives
.
Mycotoxin
with reference to Aflatoxin, Staphylococcal intoxication, Botulism, Salmonellosis. Food safety and
quality control. A brief account of food laws and standards. Sources of milk contamination.
Methods to detect microb
ial spoilage by SPC, Reductase
test,
Biochemical changes of milk. Starter
culture and its role. Fermented dairy products. Acidophilus milk, Yogurt, Butter milk, Srikhand.
Types of cheese, Preparation of cheese. Preservation of milk and milk products
–
Pas
teurization,
Sterilization.
Industrial Microbiology
:
Microorganisms of industrial importance. Types of stock culture. Strain
improvement. Fermentation media : A brief
account of Production medium, Inoculum medium,
Raw materials
–
Molasses and types, corn steep liquor, sulphite waste liquor and whey, Buffers,
Precursors, Inhibitors, and Antifoam agents.
Design of typical
fermentors, Devices
for aeration, agitation.
Ferm
entation process
-
Surface,
Submerged and Solid state fermentation: Types
-
Batch and Continuous fermentation. Down stream
processing
–
Precipitation, filtration, centrifugation, distillation, cell disruption, solvent recovery,
drying, crystall
ization
Industri
al production and its uses of the fo
llowing: Ethyl alcohol, Wine
Antibiotics
–
Penicillin.
Organic acid
–
Lactic
acid.
Enzymes
–
Amylase, Protease
, Single
Cell
Protein,
Mushroom cultivation
, Role
of microorganisms
for production and recovery of minerals
and petroleum.
Immunology and Medical microbiology
:
introduction to immune system: Types of immunity
-
Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Antibody mediated immunity and Cell mediated immunity. Cells
and tissues of immune system
–
Structure and role of primary l
ymphoid organs (bone marrow,
thymus), secondary lymphoid organs (spleen, lymph nodes and tonsils) B&T lymphocytes,
phagocytes, killer cells, NK cells.
Antigens
–
nature and types. Antibodies
–
Structure of lgG. Classes of antibodies and their
functio
nal diversity, Human blood types and Rh factors, Antigen
-
antibody reactions
-
salient
features. Agglutination reaction. Immunotechniques
–
RIA, ELISA. Complement system.
Immunoprophylaxis
–
Vaccine
-
Types
–
Killed, Live attenuated (bacterial and viral) and T
oxoid.
Pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, laboratory diagnosis, epidemiology, prophylaxis and treatment of
the following
-
Bacterial diseases
-
Tuberculosis, Cholera, Typhoid, Syphilis. Viral diseases
–
Hepatitis, Poliomyelitis, AIDS. Fungal diseases
-
Candidaci
es, Dermatomycosis (Tinea
–
ringworm
infection). Protozoan diseases
–
Malaria, Trichomoniasis.
Chemotherapy: General characteristics and types of antibiotics.

I am looking for Microbiology PG Entrance Exam Syllabus of University of Mysore so please provide me the same?

[Arun Vats]

Here I am providing you Microbiology Post Graduation Entrance Exam Syllabus of University of Mysore.

Syllabus of M. Sc Microbiology Entrance Exam:

General Microbiology: Milestones of the historical development of Microbiology- Discovery of Microorganisms- Contributions of Scientists of Microbiology. Theory of spontaneous generation and biogenesis. Different types of microscopes, their construction and working principles, Simple and Compound microscope. Stereomicroscope. Principles, construction and mode of operation of Scanning and transmission electron microscope, limitations. Preparation of specimens for electron microscopic studies. Simple staining (positive and negative), differential staining (Gram’s staining and acid – fast staining), structural staining (Capsule, Flagella, Cell wall and Endospore of bacteria), nuclear staining, wet mounting method – staining of algae and fungi. Hanging drop method. Principles and methods of sterilization.

The Microbial World:
Groups of microorganisms: Viruses, Prokaryotes, and Eukaryotes. Study of ultra structure of typical prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell, comparative account. General Principles of classification and nomenclature of microorganisms (Haeckel’s three kingdom classification and Whittaker’s five kingdom classification). General characteristics of viruses, classification of viruses, isolation and identification of viruses. Study of structure and replication of viruses: Bacteriophages T4 phage, Cyanophages. Phytophagenae TMV, Zoophagenae – Influenza and HIV. Viroids and Prions. Ultra Structure of bacterial cell, classification of bacteria in brief as per Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Distribution, structure of typical algal cell. General thallus structure and reproduction in algae and fungi.

Microbial Growth and Metabolism:
Major nutritional types of microorganisms. Nutritional requirements of microorganisms. Uptake of nutrients – passive and active transport. Microbial Growth rate and generation time, growth curve – phases of growth and their significance. Nomenclature, classification, properties of microbial enzymes mode and mechanism of enzyme action, enzyme regulation, inhibition, cofactors and coenzymes. Photosynthetic microorganisms, photosynthetic pigments and apparatus in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Mechanism of photosynthesis in bacteria. Anaerobic Respiration: breakdown of glucose to pyruvate – EMP, HMP and ED pathways, Fermentation- conversion of pyruvate to ethanol and lactic acid.

Aerobic Respiration: formation of acetyl CoA from pyruvate, TCA Cycle, Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation, efficiency of aerobic and anaerobic respiration as energy yielding processes. Symbiotic and asymbiotic nitrogen fixation, nodule formation, bacteroids, leghaemoglobin, mechanism and biochemistry of N2 fixation, amino acid synthesis, proteolysis, nitrification and denitrification. Biosynthesis of fatty acids, biosynthesis of triglyceriods and phospholipids, degradation of fatty acids, oxidation of fatty acids.

Microbial Genetics:
Chromosomes: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic organization. Recombination in
Bacteria:Transformation, Transduction and Conjugation process – F – factor, Sexduction,
Transposons. Extrachromosomal genetic elements and their importance. Structure and types of DNA and RNA. Replication – mode and mechanism, replication in prokaryotic DNA – general methodology, Gene – protein relationship: one gene – one enzyme and one gene – polypeptide concept. Protien synthesis – transcription and translation, genetic code – features, triplet code, Wobble hypothesis, nonsense codon, evolution of genetic code, regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes. Nature and types of mutation. Mutagenic agents: physical and chemical mutagens, damage and repair of DNA: Photoreactivation & SOS repair

Environmental microbiology:
Microbes and atmosphere, Air spora of indoor and outdoor environment, factors affecting air spora, significance of air-borne microbes, management of airborne microbes. Microbiology of water: distribution of microorganisms in the aquatic environment. Water pollution: Sources, water-borne diseases-viral (jaundice), bacterial (cholera) and protozoan, (amoebic dysentry). Biological indicators of water pollution. Determination of sanitary quality of water: SPC, Tests for coliform, MPN, IMVIC reactions, membrane filter technique.

Microbiology of waste water: Sources of waste water- domestic, agricultural and industrial, physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of waste water.
Waste water treatment: Single dwelling unit – septic tank: municipal waste water treatment- Primary, secondary (trickling filter, activated sludge process, oxidation pond), Tertiary (reverse osmosis, ion exchange method and dialysis) and reclamation of waste water.

Solid waste recycling: Anaerobic digestion process, Biogas and composting

Genetic engineering:
Tools involved in genetic engineering: Modifying enzymes: Restriction enzymes, ligases, methylases. Cloning vehicles – Naturally occurring plasmids, cloning plasmids (PBR 322 and PUC 18). Viruses as cloning vehicles (DNA, M 13) and hybrid vectors (cosmid, yac). DNA isolation, gel electrophoresis: Agarose gel-principle and method transformation methods. DNA libraries: Brief account of Genomic and cDNA libraries – applications.

Blottings: Southern, Northern and Western. DNA sequencing: Brief account of Maxam and Gilbert’s methods, Sanger’s method, automated sequencing method. Restriction fragment length polymorphism. Molecular probes (Finger printing). Applications of genetic engineering in Agriculture, Waste water management, Industries, Human health, Potential problems of genetic engineering; social impact of genetic engineering.

Microorganisms in agriculture:
Biofertilizers: Nitrogen fixing, Phosphate solubilizing and cellulolytic microbes,mass production of bacterial inoculants (Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, cyanobacteria) mode of applications, advantages and limitations. Biological control: mechanism of antagonism, amensalism, competition predation and parasitism. Application of biological control on field. Biopesticides: types – bacterial, viral, fungal and protozoan, mode of action, target pests, use of transgenic plants. Rhizosphere microorganisms: Rhizosphere and rhizoplane, interactions among micro organisms – neutralism, mutualism, commensalisms, antagonism and parasitism Plant – microbe interaction – mycorrhizae. Plant pathology: classification of plant diseases, principles of infection and spread of diseases in general.

Food Microbiology:
Food as a substrate for growth of microorganism’s .Microbial spoilage of food and food preservation techniques. Microbial spoilage of food – Fruits, vegetables, meat, poultry, canned foods. Important methods of food preservations. Physical method- High temperature, Canning, Low temperature, Drying, radiation and Chemical preservatives. Mycotoxin with reference to Aflatoxin, Staphylococcal intoxication, Botulism, Salmonellosis. Food safety and quality control. A brief account of food laws and standards. Sources of milk contamination. Methods to detect microbial spoilage by SPC, Reductase test, Biochemical changes of milk. Starter culture and its role. Fermented dairy products. Acidophilus milk, Yogurt, Butter milk, Srikhand. Types of cheese, Preparation of cheese. Preservation of milk and milk products – Pasteurization, Sterilization.

Industrial Microbiology:
Microorganisms of industrial importance. Types of stock culture. Strain improvement. Fermentation media : A brief account of Production medium, Inoculum medium, Raw materials – Molasses and types, corn steep liquor, sulphite waste liquor and whey, Buffers, Precursors, Inhibitors, and Antifoam agents. Design of typical fermentors, Devices for aeration, agitation. Fermentation process-Surface, Submerged and Solid state fermentation: Types-Batch and Continuous fermentation. Down stream processing – Precipitation, filtration, centrifugation, distillation, cell disruption, solvent recovery, drying, crystallization Industrial production and its uses of the following: Ethyl alcohol, Wine Antibiotics – Penicillin. Organic acid – Lactic acid. Enzymes – Amylase, Protease, Single Cell Protein, Mushroom cultivation, Role of microorganisms for production and recovery of minerals and petroleum.

Immunology and Medical microbiology:
Introduction to immune system: Types of immunity- Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Antibody mediated immunity and Cell mediated immunity. Cells and tissues of immune system – Structure and role of primary lymphoid organs (bone marrow, thymus), secondary lymphoid organs (spleen, lymph nodes and tonsils) B&T lymphocytes, phagocytes, killer cells, NK cells. Antigens – nature and types. Antibodies – Structure of lgG. Classes of antibodies and their functional diversity, Human blood types and Rh factors, Antigen-antibody reactions-salient features. Agglutination reaction. Immunotechniques – RIA, ELISA. Complement system. Immunoprophylaxis – Vaccine-Types – Killed, Live attenuated (bacterial and viral) and Toxoid. Pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, laboratory diagnosis, epidemiology, prophylaxis and treatment of the following -Bacterial diseases-Tuberculosis, Cholera, Typhoid, Syphilis. Viral diseases – Hepatitis, Poliomyelitis, AIDS. Fungal diseases-Candidacies, Dermatomycosis (Tinea – ringworm infection). Protozoan diseases – Malaria, Trichomoniasis.
Chemotherapy: General characteristics and types of antibiotics.