M Sc Biotechnology Syllabus Jiwaji University

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Syllabus :

First semester
101. Cell Biology
102. Biomoleculesand Metabolism
103. Microbiology
104. Bioinstrumentation
105. Lab Course I
106. Lab. Course II

Second semester
201. Molecular Biology
202. Immunotechnology
203. Enzymetechnology
204. Part A: Environmental Biotechnology Part B: Animal Biotechnology
205. Lab Course III
206. Lab Course IV

Third semester
301. Genetic Engineering
302. Plant Biotechnology
303. Bioprocess Engineering and Microbial Technology
304. Biostatistics and Computer Applications
305. Lab Course V
306. Lab Course VI

Forth semester
401. Emerging Trends in Biotechnology
402. Optional 1. BioinformaticsOptional 2. Entrepreneurship in Biotechnology & IPROptional 3. Management and Marketing ofBiotechnology Products
403. Lab Course VII : Technical/ Review writing
404. Project Work
M Sc Biotechnology Syllabus
101: CELL BIOLOGY
UNIT I
1. Cell Membrane: Physicochemical Properties; Molecular Organization – asymmetrical organization of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates; Biogenesis and Functions
2. Transport of Small Molecules Across Cell Membranes: Types and Mechanism
3. Active Transport by ATP-Powered Pumps Types: p-type, V-type, F-type ABC transporters.
4. Properties and mechanisms of transporters; Patch pump technique.

UNIT II
1. Structure, function and transport of proteins into mitochondria and chloroplast.
2. Transport of proteins and RNA into and of nucleus.
3. Transport of proteins into endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies.
4. Transport by vesicle formation: Endocytosis and Exocytosis and olecular Mechanism of vesicular transport.

UNIT III
1. Ultra structure and function of lysosomes, peroxisomes and Vacuoles.
2. Cell motility and shape I: Structure and functions of microfilaments
3. Cell motility and shape II: Structure and functions of microtubules and intermediate filaments
4. Intracellular communication through cell junctions: Occluding junctions, anchoring junctions and communicating junctions

UNIT IV
1. Molecular mechanism of cell-cell adhesions: Ca++ dependent cell-cell adhesion
2. Molecular mechanism of cell-cell adhesion: Ca++ independent cell-cell adhesion
3. Extra-cellular matrix of animals: organization and functions
4. Extra-cellular matrix receptors on animal cells: integrins

UNIT V
1. Cell Signaling: Signaling via G-Protein linked cell surface receptors, MAP kinase pathways and tyrosine kinase pathway: Initiation, interaction and regulation.
2. Eukaryotic cell division cycle: Different phases and molecular events
3. Control of cell division cycle: In yeast and mammalian cells

4. Apoptosis: Phases and significance, Morphological and biochemical changes associated with apoptotic cells, Apoptotic pathways and regulators

Practical Exercises
1. Sub cellular fractionation
2. Chromosome preparation: Mitosis – Onion root tip, rat/mouse cornea, rat/mouse
bone marrow, human lymphocytes
3. Chromosome preparation: Meiosis – Rat/mouse testis, Grasshopper testis
4. Polytene chromosome preparation from Drosophila salivary gland
5. Identification of tissue typing: Histological preparation of tissue
6. Identification of different biomolecules in different tissues by histochemical
techniques
7. Electron microscopy: Demonstration and good photographs for interpretation.
Reference Books
1. Molecular Biology of the Cell (2002), Alberts et al
2. Molecular Cell Biology (2004), Lodish et al
3. Working with Molecular Cell Biology: A study Companion (2000), Storrie et al
4. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments (3rd Ed., 2002), Gerald Karp
5. The Cell: A Molecular Approach (2004), G.M. Cooper
6. The Word of the Cell (1996), Becker et al
7. Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis (2003), Hughes and Mehnet
8. Essential Cell Biology (1998), Alberts et al
9. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants (2000), Buchanan et al
10. Harpers Biochemistry Murray et al

102. BIOMOLECULES & METABOLISM
UNIT I
1. Carbohydrates: Structure, classification, properties, chemical reactions, stereoisomerism and functions.
2. Home and hereo polysaccharides, animal, plant and microbe specific polysaccharides, bacterial cell wall, carbohydrate derivatives: peptidoglycans, glycolipids, sialic acid.
3. Lipids; Classification, structure, properties and functions of fatty acids, triacylglycerols, phospholoipids, wax, sterols, terpenes, prostaglandins.
4. Lipids with specific biological functions, lipoproteins and biological membrane, micelles and liposomes.

UNIT II
1. Amino acids: Structure, classification, properties and functions, peptides and polypeptides.
2. Proteins: Properties, primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure.
3. Vitamins and cofactors: structure, distribution, interaction and biological properties.
4. Nucleic acids: DNA: Structure, conformation, properties of purines nad pyrimidine bases, nucleosides and nucleotides; RNA: Structure, types and functions of mRNA, tRNA and rRNA.

UNIT III
1. First and second laws of thermodynamics & concept of free energy.
2. High energy phosphor compounds, ATP cycle, structural basis of free energy change during hydrolysis of ATP.
3. Carbohydrate metabolism: Basic concepts of glycolysis, glycogenesis, gluconeogenesis pathway and regulation.
4. Krebs cycle:, pentose phosphate pathway, glyoxalate pathway, glycogenolysis pathway and regulation, associated Intracellular communication through cell junctions: Occluding junctions, anchoring junctions and communicating junctions

UNIT IV
1. Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation : electron carriers, complexes I to

IV, chemiosmotic theory, substrate level phosphorylation
2. Plant phenolics, alkaloids: classification and functions. Plant hormones: structure and
biological functions.
3. Lipid metabolism: Biosynthesis and degradation of odd carbon and even carbon
4. Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, formation and of ketone bodies, regulation of
Lipid metabolism, associated inborn errors.
UNIT V
1. Overview of amino acid metabolism: biosynthetic families of amino acids, breakdown

of amino acids into six (to check) common intermediates.
2. Regulation of amino acid metabolism (Steps for the biosynthesis and breakdown of
amino acids are not required) , associated inborn errors.
3. Nucleic acid metabolism: biosynthesis and breakdown of purine, pyrimidines,
nucleotides by de novo and salvage pathways,
5. Regulation of metabolism, associated inborn errors.


Practical Exercises
1. Titration of amino acids.
2. Colorometric determination of pK.
3. Model building using space filling/ ball and stick models.
4. Reactions of amino acids, sugars and lipids.
5. Quantitation of proteins and sugars.
6. Analysis of oils‐ iodine number, saponification value, acid number.
Reference Books
1. Principles of Biochemistry by Nelson, Cox and Lehninger.
2. Biochemistry by G. Zubay
3. Biochemistry by Stryer
4. Biochemistry by Garrett and Grisham
5. Biochemical Calculations, Irwin H. Segel, john Wiley and sons Inc
6. Biochemistry,DVoet and jG Voet , J Wiley and Sons.
7. Biochemistry, D Freifilder, W.H. Freeman & Company.
8. Laboratory Techniques in Biochemistry and molecular Biology, Work and Work.
9. A Biologists guide to Principles and Techniques of practical Biochemistry, K.Wilson & K.H.
Goulding, ELBS Edition,

103. MICROBIOLOGY
UNIT I
1. Classification of Microorganisms: Bacterial & Fungal Classification.
2. Morphology and fine structure of eubacteria, archeobacterial cell wall and fungal cell wall.
3. Preparation of culture media, pure culture techniques and microbial staining.
4. Cyanobacteria : General account and their economic importance

UNIT II
1. Sterilization: Physical and chemical methods.
2. Microbial growth: Bacterial growth curve, Mathematical expression, measurement of growth and factors affecting growth.
3. Microbial Nutrition: Nutritional classification of Microorganisms, Different carbon and nitrogen sources, mode of nutrition, transport of nutrition across the bacterial membrane.
4. Oxygen toxicity: Study of catalase, peroxidase, superoxidase dismutase, mechanism of oxygen toxicity/ Taxonomic classification of microbes using molecular markers- 16 rRNA typing.

UNIT III
1. Infection and disease, types of infection, Mechanism of pathogenesis of bacterial and viral disease.
2. Staphylococccal and Clostridial food Poisoning, Bacterial Diseases: Salmonellosis and Shigellosis.
3. Fungal Diseases: Histoplasmosis, Aspergillosis and Candidasis.
4. Viral diseases: Chicken Pox, Hepatitis B and Poliomyelitis.

UNIT IV
1. Virus organization, Types, Isolation, cultivation, identification and viral replication.
2. Structure and morphology of bacteriophages, lytic and lysogenic cycle.
3. Life cycle of DNA viruses: SV 40, RNA viruses: Retroviruses.
4. Plant viruses: TMV, Gemini, CMV, Human Viruses: Influenza (SARS), Herpes Simples virus, Rubella.

UNIT V
1. Micoplasma and diseases caused by them.
2. Bacterial Recombination: Transformation, conjugation, transduction, Plasmids and Transposes.
3. Chemotherapeutic agents: Classification of Antibiotics, Broad and narrow spectrum antibiotics; Antibiotics from prokaryotes.
4. Anti-fungal and antiviral antibiotics, mode of action of antibiotics and mechanism of drug resistance, origin of drug resistance.


Practical Exercises
1. Preparation of Liquid and Solid media for growth of microorganisms.
2. Isolation and maintenance of organisms by plating, streaking and serial dilution method, slant and stab cultures, storage of microorganisms.
3. Isolation of pure cultures from soil and water
4. Growth; Growth curve; Measurement of bacteria population by turbidometry and serial dilution methods. Effect of temperature, pH and carbon and nitrogen sources on growth.
5. Microscopic examination of bacteria, Yeast and mold and study of organism by Gram’s stain, acid fast stain and staining for spores
6. Study of mutation by Ame’s Test.
7. Assay of antibiotics and demonstration of antibiotic resistance
8. Analysis of water for potability and determination of MPN.
9. Bacterial transformation.
10. Biochemical Characterization of selected microbes.
11. One Step growth curve of coliphage.

Reference Books
1. General microbiology, R.Y. Ingraham, J.L. Wheelis, M.L. and Painter, P.R. The Macmillan Press Ltd.
2. Brock Biology of microorganism, M.T. Martinko, J.M. and Parker, J. Prentice-Hall.
3. Microbiology, Pelczar, M.J., Chan E.C.S. and Kreig, N.R., Tata McGraw Hill.
4. Microbial Genetics, Malloy, S.R., Cronan, J.E. Jr and Freifelder, D.Jones, Bartlett Publishers
5. Microbiology-A Laboratory Manual, cappuccino, J.G. Sherman, N. Addison Wesley.

6. Microbiological Applications (A Laboratory Manual in General microbiology) Benson, H.J. WCB: Wm C Brown Publishers

104. BIOINSTRUMENTATION
UNIT I
1. Centrifugation: Principle, types and applications; sedimentation coefficient and factor affecting centrifugation
2. Photometry: Principle, instrumentation and application of UV-visible spectrophotometry
3. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy and its applications
4. Fluorescence spectroscopy: Principle, instrumentation and applications
UNIT II
1. Atomic absorption spectroscopy: Principle, instrumentation and application
2. Chromatography: Principle and applications of -Paper, thin layer and column chromatography
3. HPLC, Gas chromatography, Gel filtration and Ion exchange chromatography
4. Electrophoresis: Principle, types and applications; 2-D gel electrophoresis-Principle
and its application
UNIT III
1. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy
2. Nuclear Magnetic resonance: Principle, Instrumentation and applications
3. Circular dichrorism spectroscopy (CD): Principle, Instrumentation and applications:
4. X-ray crystallography: Principle, instrumentation and applications
UNIT IV
1. Mass spectrometry: Principle and components of mass spectrometer
2. Mass analyzers: Magnetic sector, Time of flight (TOF), Quadruople, advantages and disadvantages; LC-MS
3. Surface plasma resonance methods and its applications.
4. Flow cytometry: Principle, instrumentation and application
UNIT V
1. Microtomy: Types, Principal and applications.
2. Microscopy: Basic Principle and components of microscope, phase contrast and fluorescent microscopes
3. Electron microscopes: TEM and SEM- Principle and applications
4. Radioactivity: Principle, detection and measurement of isotopes: Autoradiography, types of radio isotopes used in biology and their application in biological science

Practical Exercises
1. Verification of Beer’s law
2. Determination of absorption maxima
3. Electrophoresis of Proteins- native and under denaturing conditions.
4. Amino acid and carbohydrate separations by paper & thin layer chromatography
5. Gas chromatography
6. Ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography
7. Separation of subcellular organelles by differential centrifugation
8. Separation of blood cells by density gradient centrifugation
Reference Books
1. Physical Biochemistry: Applications to Biochemistry and Molecular Biology by Freifelder
2. Biochemical Techniques : Theory and Practice by Robyt and White
3. Principles of Instrumental Analysis by Skoog and West
4. Analytical Biochemistry by Holme and Peck
5. Biological Spectroscopy by Campbell and Dwek
6. Organic Spectroscopy by Kemp
7. A Biologist’s Guide to Pronciples and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry
by Wilson and Goulding
8. Principles of Instrumental Analysis by Skoog, Hollar and Nicman

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