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28th November 2014, 10:42 AM
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Join Date: Apr 2013
Re: JRF Entomology Syllabus

As you want to get Entomology Syllabus of JRF, so here I am giving you same:

Unit 1: Systematics
History and development of Entomology, Evolution of insects, position of insects in
the animal world, characteristics of phylum Arthropoda, structural features of
important arthropod groups such as Trilobita, Chelicerata and Mandibulata,
structural features of important classes of phylum Arthropoda viz. Arachnida,
Crustacea, Chilopoda, Diplopoda and Hexapoda. Classification of insects up to order
level, habits, habitats and distinguishing features of different Order and important
Families.
Unit 2: Morphology
Body wall, its structure, outgrowths, endoskeleton, Body regions, segmentation,
sclerites and sutures. Head and head appendages, types of mouth parts, antennae,
their structure and types. Thorax structure, thoracic appendages and their
modification. Wings, their modification and venation, Abdomen; structure, abdominal
appendages both in Pterygota and Apterygota. External genitalia, general structure
and modification in important insect orders.
Unit 3: Embryology, Internal Anatomy and Physiology
Embryonic and post embryonic development, types of metamorphosis, physiology of
ecdysis. General features and types of larvae and pupae. Structure, function and
physiology of Digestive, Circulatory, Respiratory, Reproductive, Nervous and
Excretory systems, Sense Organs; structure and types. Insect food and nutrition;
minerals, carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids, lipids, vitamins and their role in
growth and development, artificial diets.
Unit 4: Ecology
Concept of ecology, Environment and its components-biotic and abiotic factors and
their effects on growth, development, population dynamics, distribution and
dispersal. Principle of biogeography and insects biodiversity. Biotic potential and
environmental resistance. Ecosystems, agroecosystems analysis, their characteristics
and functioning. Intra and inter specific relationship; competition, predator-prey and
host-parasite interactions, ecological niche. Life table studies, population models.
Food chain and food web. Arthropod population monitoring, pest forecasting.
Diapause and causes of pest out breaks.
Unit 5: Biological Control
Importance and scope of biological control, history of biological control: Biocontrol
agents-parasites, predators and insect pathogens. Important entomophagous insect
Orders and Families. Ecological, biological, taxonomic, legal and economic aspects of
biological control, phenomena of multiple parasitism, hyperparasitism,
superparasitism and their applied importance. Principles and procedures of using
exotic biocontrol agents. Utilization of natural biocontrol agents: conservation, habitat
management and augmentation. Mass multiplication techniques and economics.
Effective evaluation techniques, Biocontrol organizations in world and India.
Successful cases of biological control of pests.
Entomophilic pathogens: bacterial, fungi, viruses, rickettsiae, Protozoan and
nematodes, Modes of transmission, methods of uses, symptoms of infection.
Microbial insecticides and their formulation. Merits and demerits of microbial control.
Role of biocontrol agents and microbial insecticides in Integrated Pest Management.
Unit 6: Chemical Control and Toxicology
History, scope and principles of chemical control. Insecticides and their classification.
Formulations of insecticides. Susceptibility of insects to the entry of insecticides.
Physical, chemical and toxicological properties of different groups of insecticides:
chlorinated hydrocarbons, organophosphates, carbamates, synthetic pyrethroids,
chlordimeform, chitin synthesis inhibitors, avermectins, nitroguandines,
phenylpyrrozzoles, botanicals (natural pyrethroids, rotenone, neem products,
nicotine, pongamia spp. etc). Combination insecticides. Problems of pesticide hazards
and environmental pollution. Safe use of pesticides, precautions and first aid
treatments. Insecticides Act 1968, registration and quality control of insecticides.
Evaluation of toxicity, methods of toxicity testing, determination of LD 50, LT 50, RL 50
etc. Pesticides residues in the environment and their dynamics of movements,
methods of residue. Pharmacology of insect poisons. Mode of action of different
groups of insecticides; neuroactive (axonal and synaptic) poisons, respiratory poisons,
chitin synthesis inhibitors. Metabolism of insecticides; activative and degradative
metabolism, detoxification enzymes and their role in metabolism. Selectivity of
insecticidal actions; insecticide resistance; mechanism, genetics and management of
insecticide resistance.
Unit 7: Host Plant Resistance
Chemical ecology: mechano and chemo receptors. Host plant selection by
phytophagous insects. Secondary plant substances and their defenses against
phytophagous insect. Basis of resistance (Antixenosis, Antobiosis, Tolerance).
Biotypes development and its remedial measures. Tritrophic interactions, induced
resistance. Breeding for insect resistant plant varieties. Resistance development and
evaluation techniques. Genetics of Resistance: vertical resistance, horizontal
resistance, oligogenic resistance, polygenic resistance. Biotechnological approaches
and development of transgenic insect resistant plants, its advantages and limitations.
Case histories. Insect resistance to transgenic plants and its management.
Unit 8: Innovative Approaches in Pest Control
Behavioral control: pheromones-types and uses, advantages and limitations.
Hormonal control: types and function of insect hormones, insect hormone mimics,
advantages and limitations. chemosterilants, antifeedants, attractants, repellents;
their types, method of applications, advantages and limitations. Genetic control:
concepts and methods, case histories, advantages and limitations. Potentialities of
IPM.
Unit 9: Integrated Pest Management
History, concept and principles of IPM. Components of IPM: Host plant resistance,
agronomic manipulations, mechanical and physical methods, chemical methods,
biocontrol agents utilization, genetic and behavioral control strategy etc. IPM
strategies for field and horticultural crops. IPM case histories. Concept of damage
levels- Economic threshold levels (ETL), Economic injury levels (EIL) and their
determination. System approach, Agro ecosystem and cropping system vs. IPM.
Constraints and Strategies of IPM implementation.
Unit 10: Pesticide Application Equipments
Types of appliances: sprayers, dusters, fog generators, smoke generators, soil
injecting guns, seed treating drums, flame throwers, etc. Power operated sprayers
and dusters. Types of nozzles and their uses. Maintenance of appliances. Aerial
application of pesticides, principles of aerial application, factors affecting the
effectiveness of aerial application. Equipments for aerial applications. Advantages and
disadvantages of aerial application.
Unit 11: Pests of Field Crops and their Management
Distribution, host range, biology and bionomics, nature of damage and management
of arthropod pests of cereals, Oilseed, pulses and fibre crops, sugarcane and tobacco.
Polyphagous pests: locusts, termites, hairy catepillars, cut worms and white grubs.
Unit 12: Pests of Horticultural Crops and their Management
Distribution, host range, biology and bionomics, nature of damage and management
of arthropod pests of vegetables, fruits and plantation crops, spices, condiments and
ornamentals.
Unit 13: Pests of Stored Products and their Management
Fundamentals of storage of grains and grain products. Storage losses, sources of
infestation/infection, factors influencing losses, insect and non-insect pests, their
nature of damage and control. Microflora in storage environment and their control.
Storage structures, bulk storage and bag storage, their relative efficacy and demerits.
Grain drying methods and aeration. Non-insect pests (rodents, birds, mites) of stored
products and their control. Integrated management of storage pests.
Unit 14: Arthrpod Vectors of Plant Diseases
Common arthropod vectors viz., aphids, leaf hoppers, plant hoppers, whiteflies,
thrips, psylids, beetles, weevils, flies, bees and mites and their relationship with the
plant pathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses, mycoplasma. Mechanism of pathogen
transmission : Active mechanical transmission, biological transmission. Toxicogenic
insects, mites and phytotoxemia. Some important arthropod vector transmitted
diseases and their epidemiology in India. Management of vector and its effect on
control of diseases.
Unit 15: Honey Bees and Bee-keeping
Honey bees and their economic importance. Bee species, their behaviour, habit and
habitats. Bee Keeping: bee pasturage, hives and equipments, seasonal management.
Bee enemies including diseases and their control.
Unit 16: Silkworms and Sericulture
Silkworm species, their systematic position and salient features. Rearing techniques
of mulberry-muga-eri and tassar silkworms. Nutritional requirements of silkworms.
Sericulture: rearing house and appliances, silkworm breeds, principles of voltism and
nioultism, seed production and its economics. Enemies and diseases of silkworms
and their management. Sericulture organization in India.
Unit 17: Lac Insect
Lac insect, its biology, habit and habitats. Host Trees: pruning, inoculation, lac
cropping techniques, and harvesting. Enemies of lac insect and their control.
Unit 18: Other Useful Insects
Pollinators, biocontrol agents of weeds, soil fertility improving agents, scavengers. Use
of insects and insect products in medicines. Usefulness of insects in scientific
investigations, insects as food.
Unit 19: Statistics and Computer Application
Frequency distribution, mean, mode and median. Standard, normal, bionomial and
Poisson’s distribution, Sampling methods and standard errors. Correlation and
regression: Partial and multiple, tests of significance; t, F, chi- square, Duncan’s
multiple range tests. Design of experiments: Principles of Randomized block design,
Completely r
andomized block design, Latin square design, Split-plot designs. Probit analysis. Use
of soft ware packages like SPSS, SAS, etc. for the above tests and designs of
experiments for analysis.


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