ICAR JRF Syllabus for Soil Science

[sumit]

I am looking for ICAR JRF exam Soil Science Syllabus, can you please provide here???

As you are asking for Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) JRF Soil Science paper syllabus so on your demand I am providing same :

01. CROP SCIENCES-I
(1.1 Genetics & Plant Breeding, 1.2 Seed Science & Technology)
1.1 GENETICS & PLANT BREEDING
Unit 1: General Genetics and Plant Breeding
Mendelian inheritance. Cell structure and division, Linkage, its detection and estimation. Epistasis. Gene concept,
allelism and fine structure of gene. Extra chromosomal inheritance. DNA structure, function, replication and
repair. Genetic code. Gene-enzyme relationship. Replication, Transcription and Translation. Gene regulation in
prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Nuclear and cytoplasmic genome organization. Spontaneous and induced mutations
and their molecular mechanisms. Crop domestication, evolution of crops and centres of diversity. Emergence of
scientific plant breeding. Objectives and accomplishments in plant breeding and the role of National and
International institutes. Gametogenesis and fertilization. Modes of sexual and asexual reproduction and its
relation to plant breeding methodology. Apomixes, incompatibility and male sterility systems and their use in
plant breeding.
Unit 2: Economics Botany and Plant Breeding Methods
Origin, distribution, classification, description and botany of cereals (wheat, rice, maize, sorghum, pearl millet,
minor millets); pulses (pigeonpea, chickpea, black gram, green gram, cowpea, soyabean, pea, lentil, horse gram,
lab-lab, rice bean, winged bean, lathyrus, Lima bean; oilseeds (groundnuts, sesamum, castor, rapeseed mustard,
sunflower, Niger, linseed); fibers and sugar crops, fodder and green manures; Breeding methods for selfpollinated, cross-pollinated and clonally propagated crops. Component, recombinational and transgressive
breeding. Single seed descent. Populations, their improvement methods and maintenance, Hybrid breeding and
genetic basis of heterosis. Ideotype breeding. Mutation breeding, Concept of tree breeding.
Unit 3: Genome Organization and Cytogenetics of Crop Plants
Chromosome structure, function and replication. Recombination and crossing over. Karyotype analysis. Banding
techniques. In situ hybridization. Special types of chromosomes. Chromosomal interchanges, inversions,
duplications and deletions. Polyploids, haploids, aneuploids and their utility. Wide hybridization and
chromosomal manipulations for alien gene transfer. Pre-and post- fertilization barriers in wide hybridization.
Genome organization and cytogenetics of important crop species- wheat, maize, rice, sorghum, Brassica, cotton,
Vigna, potato and sugarcane. Principles and procedures of genome analysis. Cytogenetic techniques foe gene
location and gene transfer, Construction and use of molecular marker based chromosome maps. Comparative
mapping and genome analysis.
Unit 4: Quantitative and Biometrical Genetics
Quantitative characters. Multiple factors inheritance. Genetic control of polygenic characters. Genetic advance and
types of selection and correlated response. Hardy Weinberg law. Linkage disequilibrium. Genetic load.
Polymorphism. Breeding value, heritability. Response to selection, correlated response. Estimates of variance
components and covariance among relatives. Mating designs with random and inbred parents. Estimation of gene
effects and combing ability. Effects of linkage and epistasis on estimation of genetic parameters. Maternal effects.
Genotype-environment interactions and stability of performance. Heterosis and its basis. Mating system and
mating design- diallel, line X tester, NC-1, NC-II and NC-III designs, approaches to estimate and exploit component
of self and cross pollinated crops. Genotype X environment interaction and stability analysis.
Unit 5: Genetic Engineering and Biotechnological Tools in Plant Breeding
Somatic hybridization, micropropagation, somaclonal variation in vitro mutagenesis. Artificial synthesis of gene.
Genetic and molecular markers, generations of molecular markers and their application in genetic analyses and
breeding. Molecular markers in genetic diversity analysis and breeding for complex characters. Gene tagging, QTL
mapping and marker aided selection. Genome projects and utilization of sequence formation. Vectors. DNA
libraries, DNA fingerprinting, DNA sequencing. Nuclei acid hybridization and immunochemical detection.
Chromosome walking, Recombinant DNA technology, Gene cloning strategies. Genetic transformation and
transgenics. Antisense RNA, RNAi and micro RNA techniques in crop improvement.
Unit 6: Plant Breeding for Stress Resistance and Nutritional Quality
Genetic basis and breeding for resistance to diseases and insect-pests. Breeding for vertical and horizontal
resistance to diseases. Genetic and physiological basis of abiotic stress tolerance. Breeding for resistance to heat,
frost, flood, drought and soil stresses. Important quality parameters in various crops, their genetic basis and
breeding for these traits. Role of molecular markers in stress resistance breeding: MAS, MARS and MABB.
Unit 7: Plant Genetic Resources and their Regulatory System; Varietal Release and Seed Production
Plant exploration, germplasm introduction, exchange, conservation, evaluation and utilization of plant genetic
resources. Convention on Biological Diversity and International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and
Agriculture. Intellectual Property Rights. Biodiversity Act. Plant Variety Protection and Farmers' Rights Act.
System of variety release and notification. Types of seeds and seed chain. Seed production and certification.
Unit 8: Statistical Methods and Field Plot Techniques
Frequency distribution. Measures of central tendency, probability theory and its applications in genetics.
Probability distribution and tests of significance. Correlation, linear, partial and multiple regression. Genetic
divergence. Multivariate analysis. Design of experiments- basic principles, completely randomized design,
randomized block design and split plot design. Complete and incomplete block designs. Augmented design, Grid
and honeycomb design. Hill plots, unreplicated evaluation. Data collection and interpretation.

[Kiran Chandar]

You are looking for ICAR JRF exam Soil Science Syllabus, I am giving here:

Unit 1: Pedology
Concept of land, soil and soil science. Composition of earth crust and its relationship with soils; Rocks, minerals and other soil forming materials; Weathering of rocks and minerals; Factors of soil formation; Pedogenic processes and their relationships with soil properties; Soil development; Pedon, polypedon, soil profile, horizons and their nomenclature. Soil Taxonomy - epipedons, diagnostic subsurface horizons and other diagnostic characteristics, soil moisture and temperature regimes, categories of the system and their criteria; Interpretation of soil survey data for land capability and crop suitability classifications, Macro-morphological study of soils.
Application and use of global positioning system for soil survey. Soil survey- types, techniques. Soil series- characterization and procedure for establishing soil series, benchmark soils and soil correlations. Study of base maps: cadastral maps, toposheets, aerial photographs and satellite imageries. Use of geographical information system for preparing thematic maps.

Unit 2: Soil Physics
Soil physical constraints affecting crop production. Soil texture – textural classes. Soil structure – classification, soil aggregation and significance, soil consistency, soil crusting, bulk density and particle density of soils and porosity, their significance and manipulation. Soil water- retention and potentials. Soil moisture constants. Movement of soil water - infiltration, percolation, permeability, drainage and methods of determination of soil moisture. Darcy’s law. Thermal properties of soils, soil temperature, Soil air- composition, gaseous exchange, influence of soil temperature and air on plant growth. Soil erosion by water- types, effects, mechanics. Rain erosivity and soil erodibility. Runoff - methods of measurement, factors and management, runoff farming. Soil conservation measures.
Characterization and evaluation of soil and land quality indicators; Causes of land degradation; Management of soil physical properties for prevention/restoration of land degradation; Identification, monitoring and management of waste lands; Land use-land cover mapping and land use planning using conventional and remote sensing techniques; Concept of watershed – its characterization and management.

Unit 3: Soil Chemistry
Chemical composition of soil; Soil colloids - structure, composition, constitution of clay minerals, amorphous clays and other non-crystalline silicate minerals, oxide and hydroxide minerals; Charge development on clays and organic matter; pH-charge relations; Buffer capacity of soils.Elements of equilibrium thermodynamics, chemical equilibria , electrochemistry and chemical kinetics. Inorganic and organic colloids- surface charge characteristics, diffuse double layer theories, zeta potential stability, coagulation/ flocculation, peptization, electrometric and sorption properties of soil colloid. Soil organic matter- fractionation, clay-organic interactions. Cation exchange- theories, adsorption isotherms, Donnan-membrane equilibrium concept, clay-membrane electrodes and ionic activity measurement, thermodynamics, anion and ligand exchange- inner sphere and outer-sphere surface complex formation, fixation of oxyanions , hysteresis in sorption-desorption of oxy-anions and anions. Nitrogen, potassium, phosphate and ammonium fixation in soils and management aspects. Chemistry of acid, salt-affected and submerged soils and management aspects.

Unit 4: Soil Fertility
Essential elements in plant nutrition; Nutrient cycles in soil; Transformation and transport of nutrients (Macro and micro nutrients) in soil; Manures and fertilizers; Fate and reactions of fertilizers in soils; Chemistry of production of different fertilizers; Slow release fertilizers and nitrification retarders; Quality control of fertilizers.Soil fertility evaluation – soil testing, plant and tissue tests and biological methods; Common soil test methods for fertilizer recommendation; Soil test-crop response correlations; Integrated nutrient management; Use of isotopic tracers in soil research; Nature, properties and development of acid, acid sulphate, saline and alkali and their management; Lime and gypsum requirements of soils; Irrigation water quality - EC, SAR, RSC and specifications. Fertility status of major soil groups of India. Pollution: types, causes, methods of measurement, standards and management. Heavy metal toxicity and soil pollution; Chemical and bio-remediation of contaminated soils; Soil factors in emission of greenhouse gases; Carbon sequestration in mitigating greenhouse effect; Radio-active contamination of soil.

Unit 5: Soil Microbiology
Soil biota, soil microbial ecology, types of organisms. Soil microbial biomass, microbial interactions, unculturable soil biota. Microbiology and biochemistry of root-soil interface. Phyllosphere. Soil enzymes, origin, activities and importance. Soil characteristics influencing growth and activity of microflora. Microbial transformations of N, P, K, S, Fe and Zn in soil. Biochemical composition and biodegradation of soil organic matter and crop residues. Humus formation. Cycles of important organic nutrients. Biodegradation of pesticides, organic wastes and their use for production of biogas and manures. Biofertilizers – definition, classification, specifications, method of production and role in crop production.
Methods of soil analysis - particle size distribution, bulk and particle density, moisture constants, Modern methods of soil, plant and fertilizer analysis; Flame photometry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy; Spectrophotometry - visible, ultra-violet and infrared; Atomic absorption spectrophotometry; Potentiometry and conductimetry; X-ray diffractometry; Mass spectrometry.

Unit 6: Statistics
Experimental designs for pot culture and field experiments; Statistical measures of central tendency and dispersion; Correlation and regression; Tests of significance - t and F tests; Computer use in soil research.

Along with the soil science what we have to study? For instance agronomy.

Hi buddy here I am looking for Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) JRF Soil Science paper syllabus so will you plz tell me from where I can collect it ??