FMS MBA Part Time question papers

I am looking for Faculty of Management Studies FMS part time exam question paper, please provide here???

[Arun Vats]

You are looking for Faculty of Management Studies FMS part time exam question paper, I am giving here:

PASSAGE-1
Diwali saw the last great burst of the autumnal exuberance
unleashed a month earlier at Dusshera. Within a month of the last
Diwali rocket vanishing into the Delhi skies, the city seemed to
curl its tail between its legs and disappear into a state of semihibernation
for the duration of the cold season. The brief but
bitter Delhi winter came as suddenly as an undertaker : dark-clad,
soft- footed, unannounced and unwelcome. There is no snow in
Delhi — the winters are too dry—but, white winds from the snow
peaks still sweep down the slopes, freezing the plains of the Punjab
and shattering the brittle buds, before raking through the streets
of the capital and brushing the narrow Delhi alleyways clear of
people. The Delhi-wallahs withdraw into themselves. They Lift
up their knees to their chins and pull their heavy Kashmiri blankets
tightly around. Over their heads they wind thick woollen mufflers.
If you look into the dark of the roadside restaurant-shacks you
see only the whites of their eyes peering out into the cold.
The sky is grey, the air is grey, and the dull, cold greyness
seeps into the ground, the stones and the buildings. The only
colours are the red and yellow silk flags flying over the new Muslim
graves in Nizamuddin. The trees in the gardens stand shrouded in
a thin wrap of mist. In Old Delhi, the goats fattening for slaughter
huddle together under sackcloth coats; some are given old
cardigans to wear, with their front legs fitted through the sleeves.
Winter smoke winds slowly out of the chimneys; bonfires crackle
outside the jhuggi clusters. As you look through the windowpanes
you can see winter lying curled like a cobra across the land. Olivia
now spent her mornings in the warmth of our flat; it was too cold
and misty to paint until the sun had reached its zenith at midday.
If she ventured out she would return early, before a sudden dusk
brought to a close the brief winter afternoon. Brisk evenings were
followed by cold nights. We muffled ourselves in our new shawls
— we had not considered packing jerseys or overcoats when we
set off to India — and sat warming ourselves in front of the heaters.
My reading was mostly historical. I had become fascinated with
that period of Delhi’s history known as the Twilight. It was an
epoch whose dark melancholy perfectly reflected the cold, misty
scenes outside our own windows.
The Twilight is bounded by two of the greatest disasters in
Delhi’s history: the Persian massacres of 1739 and the equally
vicious hangings and killings which followed the British recapture
Of Delhi after the 1857 Indian Mutiny. The first massacre took
place in the wake of an unexpected invasion of India by the Persian
ruler, Nadir Shah. At Karnal in the Punjab the newly-crowned
Shah defeated the Mughal army and advanced rapidly on Delhi.
He encamped at the Shalimar Gardens, five miles north of the city.
Having been invited into Delhi by the nervous populace, Nadir
Shah ordered the massacre after a group of Delhi-wallahs attacked
and killed 900 of his soldiers in a bazaar brawl. At the end of a
single day’s slaughter 1,50,000 of the city’s citizens lay dead.
Nadir Shah’s massacre exacerbated the decline of the Mughal
Empire which had been steadily contracting since the death of
Aurangzeb, the last Great Mogul, in 1707. By the end of eighteenth
century, Delhi, shorn of the empire which gave it life, had sunk
into a state of impotent dotage. The aristocracy tried to maintain
the life-style and civilization of the empire, but in a ruined and
impoverished city raped and violated by a succession of invaders.
The destruction created a mood conducive to elegy, and the great
Urdu writers made the most of the opportunity. “There is no house
from where the jackal’s cry cannot be heard,’ wrote Sauda. ‘The
mosques at evening are unlit and deserted. In the once beautiful
gardens, the grass grows waist-high around fallen pillars and the
ruined arches. Not even a lamp of clay now burns where once the
chandeliers blazed with light...”
On the throne in the Hall of Audience in the Qila-i-Mualla,
the Exalted Fort sat the Emperor Shah Alam. He was a brave,
cultured and intelligent old man, still tall and commanding, his
dark complexion offset by a short white beard. He spoke four
languages and maintained a harem of five hundred women; but
for all this, he was sightless-years before, his eyes had been
gouged out by Ghulam Qadir, an Afghan marauder whom he had
once kept as his catamite. Like some symbol of the city over which
he presided, Shah Alam was a blind emperor ruling from a ruined
palace. At his court, the elaborate etiquette of Mughal Society
was scrupulously ‘maintained’; poetry, music and the arts
flourished. But beneath the surface lustre, all was rotten. Servants
prised precious stones from the pietra dura inlay on the walls to
sell in Chandni Chowk. The old court costumes were threadbare;
the plaster was peeling. Mountains of rubbish accumulated in the
city streets and amid the delicate pavilions of the Exalted Palace.
Unable to see the decay around him, Shah Alam still could not
escape its stench.
With Iris Portal and the Haxby sisters I had heard the
testimonies of the last British in Delhi. Now, in the cold of early
December I visited the chilly Delhi libraries searching for the
accounts of the first English to penetrate the city’s walls in the
late eighteenth century. The most detailed of the early descriptions
was that written by Lieutenant William Franklin. Franklin had been
sent to Delhi by the directors of the East India Company to survey
the then unknown heartlands of the empire of the Great Mogul.
Franklin’s account of his discoveries, published in Calcutta in the
1795 Asiatic Researches (the journal of the newly-founded Royal
Asiatic Society) painted a melancholy picture of the once-great
capital. Franklin had approached the city on horseback from the
northwest. His first glimpse was of a landscape littered with
crumbling ruins : ‘The environs are crowded with the remains of’
spacious gardens and the country-houses of the nobility,’ he wrote
in his report. ‘The prospect towards Delhi, as far as the eye can
reach, is covered with the remains cf gardens, pavilions, mosques
and burying places.’
1. Which of the following is a correct statement ?
(1) Olivia is a painter
(2) Olivia is the author’s neighbour
(3) Olivia is a historian
(4) Olivia is the author of the passage
2. During the winter season in Delhi,
(1) People largely stay indoors
(2) Most people prefer to walk around the streets
(3) The road side stacks are well-lit
(4) None of the above
3. Which of the following is a correct statement ?
(1) Bright saffron coloured silk flags fly over the new
Muslim graves
(2) Yellow and red silk flags fly over the new Muslim graves
(3) Yellow and green silk flags fly over the new Muslim
graves
(4) All Muslim gaves are covered with black flags
4. According to the passage,
(1) All the goats wear old cardigans
(2) No goats wear cardigans
(3) All the goats are given new cardigans to wear
(4) Some goats wear old cardigans
5. Which of the following is a correct statement ?
(1) The author of the passage was known to Iris Portal
(2) The author was not familiar with the Huxley sisters
(3) Neither Iris Portal nor the Huxley sisters knew about
the last British in India
(4) The author was not interested in the first English who
entered Delhi.
6. According to the passage,
(1) Twilight is the name of a person
(2) A period in European history is known as Twilight
(3) A period in Delhi’s history is known as Twilight
(4) None of the above
7. Which of the following is a correct statement ?
(1) The Mughal Empire declined after the death of
Aurangzeb
(2) The Mughal Empire prospered after the death of
Aurangzeb
(3) Nadir Shah helped the prosperity of the Mughal Empire
(4) By the end of the 18th century, Delhi had become a
very powerful state
8. Which of the following is a correct statement ?
(1) Emperor Shah Alam was an intelligent old man
(2) Emperor Shah Alam was tall and dark complexioned
(3) Emperor Shah Alam was blind
(4) All of the above
9. Which of the following is a correct statement ?
(1) Emperor Shah Alam followed the etiquette of Muslim
society
(2) Emperor Shah Alam did not care about the etiquette of
Muslim society
(3) Poetry, music and the arts were not part of the Muslim
culture
(4) All of the above
10. Which of the following is a correct statement ?
(1) The invasion of Nadir Shah was anticipated
(2) Nadir Shah invaded Persia
(3) The massacre ordered by Nadir Shah killed 900 soldiers
(4) The massacre ordered by Nadir Shah killed 15000
citizens of Delhi
11. According to the passage,
(1) Winter in Delhi is very pleasant
(2) Summer season in Delhi is very pleasant
(3) Both summer and winter seasons are pleasant in Delhi
(4) Winter season in Delhi is not so pleasant
DIRECTIONS (for Qs. 12-21)
Read the following passage-2 and answer the questions given at
the end of the passage. The answers should be based either on
the author’s views or inferences drawn from the given passage.
PASSAGE-2
Google headquarters in Mountain View, California, has a
certain Centre feel to it — so many fun space-age toys to play
with, so little time. In one corner is a spinning globe that emits
light beams based on the volume of people searching on Google.
As you would expect, most of the shafts of light are shooting up
from North America, Europe, Korea, Japan, and coastal China.
The Middle East and Africa remain pretty dark. In another
corner is a screen that shows a sample of what things people are
searching for at that moment, all over the world. When I was there
in 2001, I asked my hosts what had been the most frequent searches
lately. One, of course, was “sex,” a perennial favourite of Googlers.
Another was “God.” “Lots of people searching for Him or Her. A
third was “jobs”—you can’t find enough of those. And the fourth
most searched item around the time of my visit? I didn’t know
whether to laugh or cry : ‘professional wrestling’. The weirdest
one, though, is the Google recipe book, where people just open
their refrigerators, see what ingredients are inside, type three of
them into Google, and see what recipes come up!
Fortunately, no single word or subject accounts for more
than 1 or 2 percent of all Google searches at any given time, so no
one should get too worried about the fate of humanity on the
basis of Google’s top search items on any particular day. Indeed,
it is the remarkable diversity of searches going on via Google, in
so many different tongues, that makes the Google search engine
(and search engines in general) such huge flatteners. Never before
in the history of the planet have so many people — on their own
— had the ability to find so much information about so many
things and about so many other people.
Said Russian-born Google cofounder Sergey Brin, “If
someone has broadband, dial-up, or access to an Internet cafe,
whether a kid in Cambodia, the university professor, or me who
runs this search engine, ‘all have the same basic access to overall
research information that anyone has. It is a total equalizer. This is
very different than how I grew up. My best access was some
library, and it did not have all that much stuff, and you either had
to hope for a miracle or search for something very simple or
something very recent. When Google came along, he added,
suddenly that kid had “universal access” to the information in
libraries all over the world.
That is certainly Google’s goal— to make easily available all
the world’s knowledge in every language. And Google hopes that
in time, with a PalmPilot or a cell phone, everyone everywhere will
be able to carry around access to all the world’s knowledge in
their pockets. “Everything” and “everyone” are key words that
you hear around Google all the time. Indeed, the official Google
history carried on its home page notes that the name “Google” is
a play on the word “googol”; which is the number represented by
the numeral 1 followed by 100 zeros. Google’s use of the term
reflects the company’s mission to organize the immense, seemingly
infinite amount of information available on the Web, “just for
you”. What Google’s success reflects is how much people are
interested in having just that — all the world’s knowledge at their
fingertips. There is no bigger flattener than the idea of making all
the world’s knowledge, or even just a big chunk of it, available to
anyone and everyone, anytime, anywhere.
“We do discriminate only to the degree that if you can’t use
a computer or don’t have access to one, you can’t use Google,
but other than that, if you can type, you can use Google,” said
Google CEO Eric Schmidt. And surely if the flattening of the world
means anything, he added, it means that “there is no discrimination
in accessing knowledge. Google is now searchable in one hundred
languages, and every time we find another we increase it. Let’s
imagine a group with a Google iPod one day and you can tell it to
search by voice — that would take care of people who can’t use
a computer — and then [Google access] just becomes about the
rate at which we can get cheap devices into people’s hands”.
How does searching fit into the concept of collaboration? I
call it “informing”. Informing is the individual’s personal analogue
to uploading, outsourcing, in sourcing, supply-chaining, and offshoring.
Informing is the ability to build and deploy your own
personal supply chain — a supply chain of information, knowledge
and entertainment. Informing is about self-collaboration —
becoming your own self-directed and self-empowered, researcher,
editor, and selector of entertainment, without having to go to the
library or the movie theatre or through network television.
Informing is searching for knowledge. It is about seeking likeminded
people and communities. Google’s phenomenal global
popularity, which has spurred Yahoo ! and Microsoft (through its
MSN Search) also to make power searching and informing
prominent - features of their Web sites, shows how hungry people
are for this form of collaboration. Google is now processing
roughly one billion searches per day, up from 150 million just
three years ago.
The easier and more accurate searching becomes, added
Larry Page, Google’s other cofounder, the more global Google’s
user base becomes, and the more powerful a flattenerit becomes.
Every day more and more people are able to inform themselves in
their own language. Today, said Page “only a third of our searches
are U.S.-based, and less than half are in English.” Moreover, he
added, “as people are searching for more obscure things, people
are publishing more obscure things,” which drives the flattening
effect of informing even more. All the major search engines have
also recently added the capability for users to search not only the
Web for information but also their own computer’s hard drive for
words or data or e-mail they know is in there somewhere but have
forgotten where. When you can search your own memory more
efficiently, that is really informing. In late 2004, Google announced
plans to scan the entire contents of both the University of
Michigan and Stanford University libraries, making tens of
thousands of books available and searchable online.
In the earliest days of search engines, people were amazed
and delighted to stumble across the information they sought;
eureka moments were unexpected surprises, said Yahoo’s
cofounder Jerry Yang. “Today their attitudes are much more
presumptive. They presume that the information they’re looking
for is certainly available and that it’s just a matter of technologists
making it easier to get to, and in fewer keystrokes,” he said. “The
democratization of information is having a profound impact on
society. Today’s consumers are much more efficient—they can
find information, products, and services, faster [through search
engines] than through traditional means. They are better informed
about issues related to health, leisure etc. Small towns are no
longer disadvantaged relative to those with better access to
information. And people have the ability to be better connected
to things that interest them, to quickly and easily become experts
in given subjects and to connect with others who share their
interests.”
Google’s founders understood that by the late 1990s
hundreds of thousands of Web pages were being added to the
Internet each day, and that existing search engines, which tended
to search for keywords, could not keep pace. Brin and Page, who
met as Stanford University students in computer science in 1995,
developed a mathematical formula that ranked a Web page by
how many other Web pages were linked to it, on the assumption
that the more people linked to a certain page, more important the
page. The key breakthrough that enabled Google to become first
among search engines was its ability to combine” its PageRank
technology with an analysis of page content, which determines
which pages are most relevant to the specific search being
conducted. Even though Google entered the market after other
major search players, its answers were seen by people as more
accurate and relevant to what they were looking for. The fact that
one search engine was just a little better than the others led a tidal
wave of people to switch to it. (Google now employs scores of
mathematicians working on its search algorithms, in an effort to
always keep them one step more relevant than the competition).
For some reason, said Brin, “people underestimated the
importance of finding information, as opposed to other things
you would do online. If you are searching for something like a
health issue, you really want to know; in some cases it is a lifeand-
death matter. We have people who search Google for heartattack
symptoms and then call nine-one-nine.” But sometimes
you really want to in-form yourself about something much simpler.
12. Which of the following is not a correct statement ?
(1) Informing is supply chain management
(2) Informing is the ability to build and deploy your own
supply of information
(3) Knowledge makes you self-directed and selfempowered
(4) Knowledge and information reduce inequality
13. According to the passage,
(1) PageRank technology analyses the relevance of
information
(2) Google search does not determine which pages contain
relevant information
(3) Google was the first search player on the web
(4) Yahoo entered the market after Google
14. The author of the passage suggests that most people use
Google to search for
(1) Jobs (2) Sex
(3) God (4) All of the above
15. Which of the following is a correct statement ?
(1) More than 70 percent of people search for God on
Google
(2) Less than 2 percent of people search for God on Google
(3) More than 50 percent of people search for sex on Google
(4) About 30 percent of people search for wrestling on
Google
16. According to the author of the passage,
(1) Go has made the world flat
(2) Google has revealed the history of the planet
(3) Different languages have created Google engine
(4) Limited information is available on Google engine
17. Which of the following is a correct statement ?
(1) Only about 50 percent of Google users belong to North
America
(2) Only 20 percent of Google users belong to North
America
(3) Only 5 percent of Google users belong to North America
(4) Nearly 33 percent of Google users belong to North
America
18. Which of the following is a correct statement ?
(1) More than half of Google searches are in the English
language
(2) More than half of Google searches are in a Non-English
language
(3) Most of Google searches are in the English language
(4) None of the above
19. According to the passage,
(1) In earlier days people were not surprised to find the
information they were searching
(2) Today people do not expect to find the information
they are looking for
(3) Today people are happy to find the information they
are looking for
(4) Today people expect to find the information they are
looking for
20. Which of the following is a correct statement ?
(1) The co-founders of Google were students of Stanford
University
(2) The co-founders of Google were professors of Stanford
University
(3) Larry Page and Jerry Yang were co-founders of Google
(4) Eric Schmidt and Jerry Yang were co-founders of Coogle
21. According to the passage, most people who search on
Google belong to
(1) Europe and Korea
(2) Japan and Central Asia
(3) Middle East and Africa
(4) Europe, Korea, Japan and Central Asia
DIRECTIONS (for Qs. 22-35)
Read the following passage-3 and answer the questions given at
the end of the passage. The answers should be based either on
the author’s views or inferences drawn from the given passage.

PASSAGE-3
Another style which is only partially dependent on situational
factors for its effectiveness is the Pioneering-Innovative
management. Like Likert Khandwalla preferred to use the
expression ‘management’ rather than ‘leadership’, though his
theory could easily be taken for a theory of leadership styles of
top executives. He accepted that the operative mode of the top
management sets the tone for the lower levels. He therefore
administered a questionnaire to the top level executives of 75
varied organisations. In addition to other variables, the responses
disclosed a mode of functioning which he labelled as ‘PI
Management’. PI Management is characterised by a strong
emphasis on attributes such as (1) Adapting freely to changing
circumstances without concern for past management practices or
traditions; (2) Marketing new and novel products or services; (3)
Acquiring the latest, most sophisticated plant, machinery and
equipment; (4) High return on investments even if they involve
high risk; (5) High quality and high price orientation in marketing
company’s established products or services; (6) Innovation and
experimentation is in every area of management; (7) Ability to
come up with original solutions and novel ideas; (8) Being a pioneer
within the industry in marketing technologically sophisticated
products and services.
Managements that score high on PI claim to pursue a
business strategy of pioneering, novel, technologically
sophisticated, high quality products and plants. They seem willing
to take necessary risks attendant on this strategy. Since they seek
to be pioneers, they cannot afford not to adapt or innovate. Indeed,
they try to be aggressively adaptive and innovative, not merely
technologically but also in various areas of management.
Interestingly enough, the current levels of PI in organizations are
more strongly influenced by strategic decisions taken in the past
than the other way around. That is, the past P1 has an insignificant
effect on present norms, decisions and managerial functions. For
example, the past policy of recruiting creative managers at junior
levels, deliberate efforts to inject pioneering and innovative
practices regarding business strategies (with reference to
diversification, integration, marketing), operating modes (e.g.
autonomy, accountability, cooperation), and personnel (e.g.
reward and punishment, communication) were found to have
significant effects on the current levels of PI; but past PI did not
influence any of it. Similarly, past norms regarding excellence,
expertise, dedication and the lower levels of dependency facilitated
current PI levels, but not the other way around. In sum, PI
management is an outcome rather than a cause of managerial
policies and practices. Furthermore, PI management is more
effective in an environment which offers opportunities than one
which is highly controlled.
Once PI management becomes operative, it improves overall
performance, the organisation’s growth, public image as well as
adaptability to circumstances improve. It heightens the
achievement and result orientation of top management and lowers
authoritarian norms at middle management levels. In order to realise
the organisation’s goals, the PI executives seek out a complex,
turbulent but favourable environment. It is worth noting that past
P1 is negatively related to the maintenance of friendly relations
with colleagues. P1 ‘perhaps temporarily lowers friendship ties at
senior management levels’. Relationship orientation, particularly
primary relationship, is probably not part of the PI package.
Relationship is an offshoot of the ‘affiliative orientation’ which is
a business typical of the traditional style of management.
According to Khandwalla “a traditional top management, wedded
to the status quo, may breed a clubby kind of affiliative, even
somewhat task-oriented, work ethic at the next level of
management, but a ‘politicised’, cliquish, conflict ridden, low work
ethic, passivity prone culture at middle-junior management levels.
Also, the tenure of senior managers tends to be long in
conservative set-ups. This may breed a fairly strong, affiliative
orientation among the old timers.” Khandwalla devised an
essentially PI-like strategy for the turnaround management of sick
enterprises.
A few years later, Khandwalla added that it is the ‘humane’
rather than the ‘surgical’ turnaround strategy which works in the
developmental context. The turnaround and PI styles should be
considered as a whole and integrated model in which the relative
relevance of each depends on the health of the organisation. The
sick ones need turraround to be followed by PI management in
order to make the organization even more vibrant and healthy.
The underlying basic assumption in both of them is the centrality
of the task system which must be built, restructured and managed
rationally and scientifically.
22. According to the passage, managers who adopt PI
management Style
(1) Avoid risks
(2) Adopt sophisticated technology
(3) Do not adapt or innovate
(4) None of the above
23. Which of the following is NOT a correct statement ?
(1) Organisation’s growth is regulated by PI Management
Style
(2) Organisation’s image improves with PI Management
Style
(3) PI Management improves organisation’s adaptability
(4) PI Management improves the result orientation of
organisation
24. According to the author of the passage,
(1) Khandwalla is a proponent o the traditional style of
management
(2) Khandwalla is a critique of the traditional style of
management
(3) Khandwalla is neither a proponent nor a critique of the
traditional style of management
(4) None of the above
25. According to the author,
(1) Khandwalla proposes a humane turnaround
(2) Khandwalla proposes a surgical turnaround
(3) Khandwalla proposes a mix of humane and surgical
turnaround
(4) None of the above
26. According to the passage,
(1) Effectiveness of ‘Pioneering-Innovative Management’
style is not dependent on situational factors.
(2) Situational factors have no influence on ‘Pioneering-
Innovative Management’ style.
(3) Effectiveness of ‘Pioneering-Innovative Management’
style is partially influenced by situational factors.
(4) Situational factors totally control ‘Pioneering-
Innovative Management’ style.
27. Which of the following is a correct statement ?
(1) The present norms and managerial functions are
influenced by ‘Pioneering-Innovativeness’
(2) ‘Pioneering-Innovativeness’ of the past has no
significant influence on present norms and managerial
functions.
(3) The ‘Pioneering-Innovativeness’ of the past has very
little impact on present norms and managerial functions
(4) None of the above
28. Which of the following is NOT a correct statement ?
(1) The policy of recruiting creative managers at junior
levels has direct impact on the current levels of
‘Pioneering-Innovative’ management
(2) Deliberate efforts to develop innovative business
strategies has direct impact on ‘Pioneering-Innovative’
management
(3) Steps to inculcate innovative operating models has
direct impact on ‘Pioneering-Innovative’ management
(4) Past ‘Pioneering-Innovative’ management had
influence on present business strategies
29. According to the passage,
(1) ‘Pioneering-Innovative’ management enhances
performance
(2) ‘Pioneering-Innovative’ management inhibits
performance
(3) ‘Pioneering-Innovative’ management controls
performance
(4) ‘Pioneering-Innovative’ management measures
performance
30. Which of the following is a correct statement ?
(1) Pioneering-Innovative’ management is a result of top
management policies and practices
(2) Management policies and practices are a result of
‘Pioneering-Innovative’ management
(3) ‘Pioneering-Innovative’ management works well in a
closed environment
(4) ‘Pioneering-Innovative’ management works well in a
controlled environment
31. According to the passage,
(1) Past practices of encouraging excellence had no
influence on current ‘PI’ levels
(2) Past practices of encouraging excellence influenced
current ‘PI’ levels
(3) Past ‘PI’ levels influenced current focus on excellence
(4) Past ‘PI’ levels influenced the current level of expertise.
32. Which of the following is NOT a correct statement ?
(1) ‘PI’ management is characterised by an emphasis on
innovation
(2) Emphasis on high return on investment is characteristic
of ‘PI’ management
(3) Emphasis on high quality and low price is characteristic
of ‘PI’ management
(4) ‘PI’ management is characterised by an emphasis on
being a pioneer.
33. Which of the following is a correct statement ?
(1) Khandwalla used a questionnaire to seek responses
from 75 respondents
(2) Khandwalla used a questionnaire to seek responses
from executives of 75 respondents
(3) Khandwalla sought responses from 75 organisations
of similar nature
(4) Likert sought responses from 75 organisations of
similar nature
34. According to the passage,
(1) Khandwalla believes that lower levels are influenced
by the style of top management
(2) Likert believed that lower levels are influenced by the
style of top management
(3) Neither Likert nor Khandwal believed that lower levels
are influenced by the style of top management
(4) None of the above
35. Which of the following is NOT a correct statement ?
(1) Likert preferred to use the expression ‘management’
instead of ‘leadership’
(2) Khandwalla preferred to use the expression
‘management’ instead of ‘leadership’
(3) Neither the work of Likert nor that of Khandwalla deal
with the theory of ‘leadership
(4) Both Likert and Khandwalla deal with the theory of
‘leadership’
DIRECTIONS (for Qs. 36-50)
Read the following passage-4 and answer the questions given at
the end of the passage. The answers should be based either on
the author’s views or inferences drawn from the given passage.

PASSAGE-4
The fairness exercise, thus structured, is aimed at identifying
appropriate principles that would determine the choice of just
institutions needed for the basic structure of a society. Rawls
identifies some very specific principles of justice (to be discussed
presently), and makes the strong claim that these principles would
be the unanimous choice that would emerge from the political
conception of justice as fairness. He argues that since these
principles would be chosen by all in the original position, with its
primordial equality, they constitute the appropriate ‘political
conception’ of justice, and that people growing up in a well-ordered
society governed by these principles would have good reason to
affirm a sense of justice based on them (irrespective of each
person’s particular conception of a ‘good life’ and personal
‘comprehensive’ priorities). So the unanimous choice of these
principles of justice does quite a bit of work in the Rawlsian system,
which includes the choice of institutions for the basic structure of
the society, as well as the determination of a political conception
of justice, which Rawls presumes will correspondingly influence
individual behaviours in conformity with that shared conception.
The choice of basic principles of justice is the first act in
Rawls’s multi-staged unfolding of social justice. This first stage
leads to the next, ‘constitutional’, stage in which actual institutions
are selected in line with the chosen principle of justice, taking
note of the conditions of each particular society. The working of
these institutions, in turn, leads to further social decisions at later
stages in the Rawlsian system, for example through appropriate
legislation (in what Bawls calls ‘the legislative stage’). The
imagined sequence moves forward step by step on firmly specified
lines, with an elaborately characterized unfolding of completely
just societal arrangements.
The whole process of this unfolding is based on the
emergence of what he describes as ‘two principles of justice’ in
the first stage that influence everything else that happens in the
Rawlsian sequence. I have to express considerable scepticism
about Rawls’s highly specific claim about the unique choice, in
the original position, of one particular set of principles for just
institutions, needed for a fully just society. There are genuinely
plural, and sometimes conflicting, general concerns that bear on
our understanding of justice. They need not differ in the
convenient way—convenient for choice that is—that only one
such set of principles really incorporates impartiality and fairness,
while the others do not. Many of them share features of being
unbiased and dispassionate, and represent maxims that their
proponents can ‘will to be a universal law’ (to use Immanuel Kant’s
famous requirement).
Indeed, plurality of unbiased principles can, I would argue,
reflect the fact that impartiality can take many different forms and
have quite distinct manifestations. For example, in the illustration
with the competing claims of three children over a flute, considered
in the Introduction, underlying each child’s claim there is a general
theory of how to treat people in an unbiased and impartial way,
focusing, respectively, on effective use and utility, economic
equity and distributional fairness, and the entitlement to the fruits
of one’s unaided efforts. Their arguments are perfectly general,
and their respective reasoning about the nature of a just society
reflects different basic ideas that can each be defended impartially
(rather than being parasitic on vested interests). And if there is no
unique emergence of a given set of principles of justice that
together identify the institutions needed for the basic structure of
the society, then the entire procedure of ‘justice as fairness’, as
developed in Rawls’s classic theory, would be hard to use.
As was discussed in the Introduction, Rawls’s basic claim
of the emergence of a unique set of principles of justice in the
original position (discussed and defended in his A Theory of
Justice) is considerably softened and qualified in his later writings.
Indeed, in his Justice as Fairness : A Restatement, Rawls notes
that ‘there are indefinitely many considerations that may be
appealed to in the original position and each alternative conception
of justice is favoured by some consideration and disfavoured by
others’, and also that ‘the balance of reasons itself rests on
judgment, though judgment informed and guided by reasoning’.
When Bawls goes on to concede that ‘the ideal cannot be fully
attained’, his reference is to his ideal theory of justice as fairness.
However, there need not be anything particularly ‘non-ideal’ in a
theory of justice that makes room for surviving disagreement and
dissent on some issues, while focusing on many solid conclusions
that would forcefully emerge from reasoned agreement on the
demands of justice.
What is clear, however, is that if Rawls’s second thoughts
are really saying what they seem to be saying, then his earlier
stage-by-stage theory of justice as fairness would have to be
abandoned. If institutions have to be set up on the basis of a
unique set of principles of justice emanating from the exercise of
fairness, through the original position, then the absence of such
a unique emergence cannot but hit at the very root of the theory.
There is a real tension here within Rawls’s own reasoning over
the years. He does not abandon, at least explicitly, his theory of
justice as fairness, and yet he seems to accept that there arc
incurable problems in getting a unanimous agreement on one set
of principles of justice in the original position, which cannot but
have devastating implications for his theory of ‘justice as fairness’.
My own inclination is to think that Rawls’s original theory
played a huge part in making us understand various aspects of
the idea of justice, and even if that theory has to be abandoned—
for which there is, I would argue a strong case — a great deal of
the enlightenment from Rawls’s pioneering contribution would
remain and continue to enrich political philosophy. It is possible
to be at once deeply appreciated and seriously critical of a theory,
and nothing would make me happier than having Rawls’s own
company, if that were to come, in this ‘dual’ assessment of the
theory of justice as fairness.
36. According to Rawls,
(1) Principles of justice are the unanimous choice of a just
society
(2) Principles of justice are politically derived
(3) Both the above
(4) None of the above
37. Which of the following best fits the title of the passage ?
(1) The Idea of Justice
(2) Unbiased Principles
(3) Justice as Fairness
(4) The Basic Structure of Society
38. Which of the following is NOT a correct statement ?
(1) Suitable principles need to be identified to determine
the choice of just institutions
(2) Just institutions are required for the basic structure of
society
(3) Rawls has identified specific principles of justice
(4) The author of the passage is in agreement with the
principles of justice identified by Rawls
39. is a correct statement ?
(1) Rawls argues that citizens of a society governed by
principles of justice would affirm a sense of justice
based on them
(2) The author of the passage argues that citizens of a
society governed by principles of justice would affirm
a sense of justice based on them
(3) Both Rawls and the author of the passage argue that
citizens of a society governed by principles of justice
would affirm a sense of justice based on them
(4) Neither Bawls nor the author of the passage argues
that citizens of a society governed by principles of
justice would affirm a sense of justice based on them
40. Which of the following is a correct statement ?
(1) The author of the passage argues that principles of
justice are chosen by all in the original position
(2) Rawls argues that principles of justice are chosen by
all in the original position
(3) Both the author of the passage and Bawls argue that
principles of justice are chosen by all in the original
position
(4) Neither the author of the passage nor Rawls argue that
principles of justice are chosen by all in the original
position
41. Which of the following is NOT a correct statement ?
(1) The author of the passage believes that principles of
justice constitute the political concept of justice
(2) Rawls believes that principles of justice constitute the
political concept of justice
(3) Both the author of the passage and Rawls believe that
principles of justice constitute the political concept of
justice
(4) Neither the author of the passage nor Rawls believe
that principles of justice constitute the political concept
of justice
42. Which of the following is a correct statement ?
(1) Rawls rejects the theory of justice as fairness
(2) The author of the passage rejects the theory of justice
as fairness
(3) Neither the author of the passage nor Rawls rejects the
theory of justice as fairness
(4) All of the above

[Arun Vats]

43. Which of the following is NOT a correct statement ?
(1) The author of ‘Justice as Fairness : A Restatement’ is
not the author of the passage
(2) Rawls is the author of ‘Justice as Fairness A
Restatement’
(3) Rawls has not changed or modified his original position
on the principles of justice
(4) None of the above
44. According to the passage,
(1) Rawls’s multistage theory of justice as fairness is not
tenable
(2) Rawls’s multistage theory of justice as fairness is very
sound
(3) The author of the passage reinforces Rawls’s multistage
theory of justice as fairness
(4) None of the above
45. According to the passage,
(1) The basic principles of justice is the first stage of a
multistaged process of social justice developed by
Rawls.
(2) The basic principles of justice is the first stage of a
multistaged process of social justice developed by the
author of the passage
(3) Rawls’s concept of social justice is confined to the
basic principles of justice
(4) Rawls’s concept of social justice developed as a two -
stage process
46. Which of the following is a correct statement ?
(1) The author of the passage does not agree that
impartiality can take many different forms
(2) Rawls thinks that impartiality can take many different
forms
(3) The author of the passage believes that impartiality
can take many different forms
(4) None of the above
47. According to the passage,
(1) The author of the passage is in agreement with Rawls’s
claim that there exists one particular set of principles
for just institutions
(2) The author of the passage is not in agreement with
Rawls’s claim that there exists one particular set of
principles for just institutions
(3) Neither of the above
(4) Both (1) and (2) above
48. According to the passage,
(1) Rawls believes that there are several concerns that may
lead to an understanding of justice
(2) The author of the passage believes that there are several
concerns that may lead to an understanding of justice
(3) The author of the passage believes that one set of
principles lead to our understanding of justice
(4) Rawls believes that there are conflicting concerns that
may lead to an understanding of justice
49. According to the passage,
(1) There is no theory of how to ensure justice in an
unbiased and impartial way.
(2) One cannot treat people with economic equity and
distributional fairness
(3) There is a general theory of economic equity and
distributional fairness
(4) None of the above
50. Which of the following is a correct statement ?
(1) Rawls suggests the theory ‘justice as fairness’
(2) The author of the passage suggests the theory ‘justice
as fairness’
(3) Both Rawls and the author of the passage suggest the
theory ‘justice as fairness’
(4) None of the above
SECTION - II : (50 Questions)
DIRECTIONS (for Qs. 51-65)
Each of the questions below contains one or more blank spaces,
each blank space indicating an omitted word of phrase. Beneath
the sentence are four words or set of words. Choose the word or
set of words for each blank space that best fits the meaning of the
sentence as a whole.
51. The judge, after ruling that the news report had unjustly
…….. the reputation of the Physician, ordered the newspaper
to …... its libellous statements in print.
(1) injured — retract
(2) sullied — publicize
(3) damaged — disseminate
(4) tarnished — cover up
52. Psychologists agree that human beings have a strong need
to…… their time; having too much idle time can be as
stressful as having none at all.
(1) compartmentalise
(2) structure
(3) functionalise
(4) remand
53. …….. several generations, Alex Haley wrote Roots, a novel
explaining both his family history and the history of American
bigotry
(1) Focusing on
(2) Centering around
(3) With an eye on
(4) Living through
54. Although for centuries literature was considered something
that would instruct as well as entertain, the modern reader
has little patience with ….. works and seeks only to be …..
(1) fiction — enlightened
(2) didactic — distracted
(3) voluminous — absorbed
(4) philosophical — entertained
55. To strive, to seek, to find, and …… are the heroic goals of
Ulysses in Tennyson’s famous poem.
(1) not yielding
(2) yet to yield
(3) not to yield
(4) yet not yield
56. The most frustrating periods of any diet are the inevitable
…….., when weight Loss …….. if not stops.
(1) moods — accelerates
(2) feasts — halts
(3) meals — ceases
(4) plateaus — slows
57. Since the author’s unflattering references to her friends were
so…… she was surprised that her ….. were recognized.
(1) laudatory — styles
(2) obvious – anecdotes
(3) oblique — allusions
(4) critical — eulogies I
58. Gaurav was intent on maintaining his status as first in his
class; because even the smallest mistakes infuriated him, he
reviewed all his papers ……… before submitting them to
his teacher.
(1) explicitly (2) perfunctorily
(3) assiduously (4) honestly
59. The subtleties of this novel are evident not so much in the
character ……. as they are in its profoundly ……… plot
structure.
(1) assessment — eclectic
(2) development — trite
(3) delineation — intricate
(4) portrayal — aesthetic
60. Perhaps because something in us instinctively distrusts
such displays of natural fluency, some readers approach
John Updike’s fiction with…………
(1) bewilderment (2) suspicion
(3) veneration (4) recklessness
61. We were amazed that a man who had been heretofore, the
most …….. of public speakers could, in a single speech,
electrify an audience and bring them cheering to their feet.
(1) masterful (2) auspicious
(3) pedestrian (4) accomplished
62. Despite the mixture’s ………. nature, we found that by
lowering its temperature in the laboratory we could
dramatically reduce its tendency to vaporize.
(1) volatile (2) resilient
(3) insipid (4) acerbic
63. In one shocking instance of ……… research, one of the
nation’s most influential researchers in the field of genetics
reported on experiments that were never carried out and
published deliberately ……… scientific papers on his
nonexistent work.
(1) comprehensive — abstract
(2) theoretical — challenging
(3) fraudulent — deceptive
(4) erroneous — impartial
64. Her novel published to universal acclaim, her literary gifts
acknowledged by the chief figures of the Harlem
Renaissance, her reputation as yet ………. by envious
slights, Hurston clearly was at the ……….of her career.
(1) undamaged — ebb
(2) untarnished — zenith
(3) unmarred — brink
(4) untalented — extremity
65. New concerns about growing religious tension in Northern
India were ………. this week after at least fifty people were
killed and hundreds injured or arrested in rioting between
Hindus and Muslims.
(1) invalidated (2) restrained
(3) fuelled (4) lessened
DIRECTIONS (for Qs. 66-75)
Some part of each sentence below is underlined. Four choices
numbered (1) through (4) for rephrasing the underlined part
follow each sentence. Select the best alternative, following the
requirements of standard written English.
66. Regardless “new modernism” in literature, which produces
novels, which often read like the diaries of madmen, most
readers still prefer a conventional plot and simple style.
(1) Regardless of the “new modernism” in literature, which
produces
(2) Regardless of the “new modernism” literature, which
produce
(3) Regardless, the “new modernism” in literature produces
(4) Irregardless of the “new modernism” in literature, which
produces
67. A career in the medical profession, which requires an
enormous investment of time and money, do not guarantee
success as there is so much competition
(1) which requires an enormous investment of time and
money, do not guarantee success as there is so much
competition
(2) which requires an enormous investment of time and
money, does not guarantee success since there is so
much competition
(3) requiring an enormous investment of time and money,
and cannot guarantee success because there is so
much competition.
(4) requires that an enormous investment of time and
money be made and success cannot be guaranteed
due to competition.
68. The more the union stubbornly refused to budge from its
original demand for 20% across-the-board salary increase,
the more the company management reiterated its original
proposal of a mere 3% raise
(1) the more the company management reiterated its
original proposal of a mere 3% raise
(2) the company management’s original proposal for a
mere 3% raise was reiterated all the more
(3) the company management kept on reiterating its original
proposal of a mere 3% raise
(4) the more the company management’s original proposal
of a mere 3% raise was reiterated
69. The president of the resident welfare association tried to
convince his neighbours they should join forces prevent
crime in the neighbourhood rather than continuing to be
victimized
(1) they should join forces to prevent crime in the
neighbourhood rather than continuing to be victimized
(2) that they should join forces to prevent crime in the
neighbourhood rather than continue to be victimized
(3) about joining forces to prevent crime in the
neighbourhood instead of continuing to be victimized
(4) to join forces to prevent crime in the neighbourhood
rather than continuing to be victimized
70. Lawyers and doctors alike both agree something should be
done about the rise in medical malpractice cases which are
on the increase.
(1) alike both agree that something should be done about
the rise in medical malpractice cases which are on the
increase
(2) alike agree that something should be done about the
rise in medical malpractice cases
(3) agree that something should be done about the rise in
the number of medical malpractices
(4) None of the above
71. The conductor seemed entirely arbitrary the choice of tempo,
because of which each successive movement of the piece
seemed to have no connection to what had come before.
(1) The conductor’s choice of tempo seemed entirely
arbitrary
(2) It seemed the conductor chose tempo entirely arbitrary
(3) The conductor was entirely arbitrary in his choice of
tempo
(4) The tempo was chosen entirely by the arbitrary
conductor
72. Although the conditions in which she lived suggest that
she was miserly, her contributions to charities show that
she is generous.
(1) her charities showed generous contributions
(2) her generosities made large contributions
(3) her contributions to charities showed that she is not
generous
(4) her contributions to charities show that she was
generous
73. The governor’s intolerance of dissent among his aids was
intensified by loyalty from all
(1) by him insisting upon total loyalty from all
(2) by his insistence upon total loyalty from all
(3) by all insisting upon his loyalty
(4) by his insisting upon their loyalty
74. Although he was often incomplete in his work, he was
promoted simply because he was with the company longer
than anyone else.
(1) Although work was often incomplete
(2) His work was often incomplete although
(3) Although his work was often incomplete
(4) Although he often completed his work
75. Though the concert had been enjoyable, it was protracted
overly
(1) it was overly protracted
(2) it overly protracted
(3) it protracted overly
(4) it got protracted overlyIRECTIONS (for Qs. 66-75)
DIRECTIONS (for Qs. 76-87)
Each question consists of sentences, which are divided into four
parts, numbered (1) through (4). One part in each sentence is
not acceptable in standard written English. Identify that part in
each of the sentences which contains the error.
76.
(1) Her acceptance of speech
(2) was well received
(3) eliciting thunderous applause
(4) in several points
77.
(1) An oppressive solemnity
(2) and not the festive mood
(3) one might have expected
(4) characterised the mood by the gathering
78.
(1) All aspiring artists must
(2) struggle by the conflict
(3) between faith in their own talent
(4) and knowledge that very few are great enough to
succeed
79.
(1) Despite some bad news,
(2) Michel’s stature was not diminished
(3) and her fans or critics
(4) were unanimous in appreciating her work.
80.
(1) Jazz is an American art form,
(2) which was now flourishing in Europe
(3) through the efforts of expatriates
(4) in France, Scandinavia and Germany.
81.
(1) Character and (2) not riches
(3) win us (4) respect.
82.
(1) Pickpocketers are
(2) sometimes spotted
(3) by policemen
(4) at bus stops.
83.
(1) His both hands
(2) have been injured
(3) so he
(4) cannot work.
84.
(1) Several guests noticed Mr. Peter
(2) fall back
(3) in his chair
(4) and gasping for breath.
85.
(1) the short story
(2) should not exceed
(3) more than
(4) two hundreds word.
86.
(1) they appointed him
(2) as a manager
(3) as he
(4) is efficient.
87.
(1) owing to illness (2) he was unable
(3) to go (4) for his holiday.
DIRECTIONS (for Qs. 88-94)
Consist of a number of sentences which, when properly sequenced,
form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is labelled with a
letter. Choose the most logical order of sentences from among
the four choices lettered (1) through (4).
88. A. The men jumped up and rushed to the river
B. They poured it on the glowing bed of charcoal
C. The water gurgled out and the dying embers hissed and
sent up little curls of vapour
D. They quickly came back with pitchers laden with water.
(1) DABC (2) ADCB
(3) CBAD (4) BADC
89. A. A failure to put the right person at the right place could
prove expensive for the organisation
B. All managers are decision makers
C. The rightness of a decision largely depends upon
whether or not the manager has utilized the right
persons in right ways.
D. The effectiveness of managers is largely reflected in
their track record in taking the right decisions
(1) DCBA (2) BDCA
(3) ABCD (4) BACD
90. A. I also believe in the possibility as well as the desirability
of applying science to problems arising in social
science
B. Believing as I do in social science, I can only look with
apprehension upon social pseudo-science
C. I am a rationalist, which means that I believe in
discussion and argument
D. I may say why I have chosen this particular subject
(1) CDAB (2) DCAB
(3) BCAD (4) DBAC
91. A. The investigation was confined to manufacturing firms
in the area
B. Those concerned with mining and quarrying,
construction, transport, and trade and commerce, were
excluded
C. The number of workers employed by the firms in the
area ranged from a dozen to approximately 35,000
D. A long search produced a comprehensive list of 203
manufacturing firms.
(1) ABDC (2) BCDA
(3) DCBA (4) CBDA
92. A. Moreover, private sector competitors claim to be
moving from aluminium manufacture to specialized uses
of the metal
B. The new concern could probably supply the metal to
established cornpanies for use as input
C. As we all know, there is still shortage of the metal
D. All in all, though, the new plant will not threaten existing
manufacturers in a big way
(1) ADCB (2) BCDA
(3) DBCA (4) CDBA
93. A. The causes of success or failure are deep and complex,
chance plays a part
B. Motivation and opportunity can be supplied in good
part by incentive compensation and decentralization
respectively
C. It is not easy to say why one management is successful
and another is not
D Experience has convinced me, however, that for those
who are responsible for a business, motivation and
opportunity are very important factors.
(1) CDAB (2) DCAB
(3) CADB (4) ACDB
94. A. The wind at his back also helped him on his course
B. Dark as the night was he found it easy to follow the
track
C. Not only that he was confident that there would
be few, if any, traces of his passage
D. Thanks to the drought, it was hard and finn and he
made good speed
(1) CABD (2) DACB
(3) DBAC (4) BCDA
DIRECTIONS (for Qs. 95-100)
Consist of sentences each of which contains one or two idioms.
Four possible meanings labelled (1) through (4) are provided
below each sentence. Choose the one which best expresses the
meaning of the idiom.
95. I would like to see Ramu do his own work for a change
instead of always back seat driving.
(1) driving a car from the back
(2) being critical of work being done by others
(3) offering advice
(4) annoying
96. He proved to be quite a wet blanket at the party for he spoke
to no one and morosely sat by himself.
(1) he was crying
(2) discouraged the rest from having fun
(3) he wet the blanket
(4) he had covered himself with a wet blanket
97. The ship was about to weigh anchor when the storm came.
(1) weigh the anchor
(2) leave the docking berth
(3) raise the anchor
(4) drop the anchor
98. Debu had a chequered career since I first knew him as a
clerk in the local bank
(1) had a variety of jobs and experiences
(2) a career which helped him make lots of money
(3) a career where he signed a lot of cheques
(4) did odd jobs
99. Women should be paid the same as men when they do the
same job, for surely, what is sauce for gander is sauce for
the goose.
(1) both goose and gander should be equally treated
(2) what is thought suitable for a man should also be for a
woman
(3) goose and gander eat the same sauce
(4) the principle of equal treatment should be implemented
100. The two women are so jealous that at the drop of a hat they
start insulting each other.
(1) on every occasion
(2) for no reason at all
(3) when a hat is dropped
(4) very rarely