ARS/NET Examination Paper of Nematology

I want to get the syllabus of ARS/NET Nematology, because I want prepare for the examination paper of ARS/NET, will you please provide me that ?

[Quick Sam]

As you want to get the syllabus of ARS/NET Nematology for preparing the examination paper of ARS/NET, so here I am giving you same:

Unit 1: History and Economic Importance
History and economic importance of nematology; Diseases caused by plant-parasitic
nematodes-symptomatology, biology, distribution and management of plant parasitic
nematodes of economic importance (Pratylenchus, Radopholus, Hirschmanniella,
Meloidogyne, Heterodera, Globodera, Rotylenchulus, Tylenchulus, Ditylenchus,
Anguina, Aphelenchoides, Tylenchorhynchus, Helicotylenchus, Hoplolaimus,
Scutellonema,
Paratylenchus, etc.). Entomopathogenic nematodes.
Unit 2 : Nematode Taxonomy and Morphology
Principles and concepts of taxonomy. Rules of nomenclature. Nematode phylogeny
and systematics. Classification of soil and plant -parasitic nematodes and their
relationships with other related phyla. Detailed classification of plant - parasitic
nematodes up to generic level with emphasis on genera of economic importance.
General morphology and anatomy of nematodes. Various systems: digestive,,
excretory, nervous, reproductive etc., developmental biology of nematodes.
Unit 3 : Nematological Techniques
Methods of extraction of nematodes from soil and plant material. Microscopy -
principles and types including electron microscopes. Methods of killing, fixing,
preserving, staining, mounting and measuring of nematodes. Techniques for
histopathology and culturing of nematodes - plant parasitic, entomophilic and
saprophytic including axenic methods. Experimental techniques for proving
pathogenicity, estimation of crop losses, nematicide screening, screening and
evaluation for nematode resistance in crops. Molecular technique for nematode
diagnostics. Techniques for mass culturing of nematode antagonistic bioagents.
Unit 4 : Nematode Ecology
Ecological classification and distribution of nematodes. Mode of nematode dispersal.
Adaptations to parasite mode of life. Soil as environment for nematodes. Effect of
biotic and abiotic factors on nematode survival, activity and reproduction. Nematode
population dynamics. Nematode -induced plant damage and modeling. Community
analysis.
Unit 5 : Plant Nematode Relationships
Types of parasitism in nematodes. Nature of damage caused by various groups of
plant parasitic nematodes and mechanisms involved. Pathotypes in nematodes.
Mechanism of nematode resistance and tolerance in plants and its assessment.
Physiological, biochemical and molecular changes in plants due to nematode
infections.
Unit 6 : Nematode Physiology and Cytology
Chemical composition of nematodes. Principles of nematode physiology. Physiological
functions of cell; organelles. Physiology of respiration, digestion, excretion,
reproduction, growth and development. Physiology of muscular, nervous and sensory
responses. Physiology of moulting, hatching and nematode survival. Chemoreception
in nematodes. Nematode as biological models - Caenorhabditis elegans. Cytological
changes in plants due to infection including syncytia, giant cell formation and their
modification etc.

Hii Buddy , Here I am Looking for syllabus of ARS/NET Examination Paper of Nematology , Will you please provide me Same For my Exam Preparation ?

[Kiran Chandar]

Friend as per your Demanding Here I am Providing syllabus of ARS/NET Examination of Nematology have a Look :


Unit 1: General Genetics and Plant Breeding
Mendelian inheritance. Cell structure and division, Linkage, its detection and estimation. Epistasis. Gene concept, allelism and fine structure of gene. Extra chromosomal inheritance. DNA – structure, function, replication and repair. Genetic code. Gene- enzyme relationship. Replication, Transcription and Translation. Gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Nuclear and cytoplasmic genome organization. Spontaneous and induced mutations and their molecular mechanisms. Crop domestication, evolution of crops and centres of diversity. Emergence of scientific plant breeding. Objectives and accomplishments in plant breeding and the role of National and International institutes. Gametogenesis and fertilization. Modes of sexual and asexual reproduction and its relation to plant breeding methodology. Apomixes, incompatibility and male sterility systems and their use in planr breeding.

Unit 2: Economics Botany and Plant Breeding Methods
Origin, distribution, classification, description and botany of cereals (wheat, rice, maize, sorghum, pearl millet, minor millets); pulses (pigeonpea, chickpea, black gram, green gram, cowpea, soyabean, pea, lentil, horse gram, lab-lab, rice bean, winged bean, lathyrus, Lima bean; oilseeds (groundnuts, sesamum, castor, rapeseed mustard, sunflower, Niger, linseed); fibers and sugar crops, fodder and green manures; Breeding methods for self-pollinated, cross-pollinated and clonally propagated crops.Component, recombinational and transgressive breeding. Single seed descent. Populations, their improvement methods and maintenance, Hybrid breeding and genetic basis of heterosis. Ideotype breeding. Mutation breeding.

Unit 3: Genome organization and Cytogenetics of Crop Plants
Chromosome structure, function and replication. Recombination and crossing over. Karyotype analysis. Banding techniques. In situ hybridization. Special types of chromosomes. Chromosomal interchanges, inversions, duplications and deletions. Polyploids, haploids, aneuploids and their utility. Wide hybridization and chromosomal manipulations for alien gene transfer. Pre-and post- fertilization barriers in wide hybridization. Genome organization and cytogenetics of important crop species- wheat, maize, rice, Brassica, cotton, Vigna, potato and sugarcane. Principles and procedures of genome analysis. Cytogenetic techniques foe gene location and gene transfer, Construction and use of molecular marker based chromosome maps. Comparative mapping and genome analysis.

Unit 4: Quantitative and Biometrical Genetics
Quantitative characters. Multiple factors inheritance. Genetic control of polygenic characters. Genetic advance and types of selection and correlated response. Hardy Weinberg law. Linkage disequilibrium. Genetic load. Polymorphism. Breeding value, heritability. Response to selection, correlated response. Estimates of variance components and covariance among relatives. Mating designs with random and inbred parents. Estimation of gene effects and combing ability. Effects of linkage and epistasis on estimation of genetic parameters. Maternal effects. Genotype-environment interactions and stability of performance. Heterosis and its basis. Mating system and mating design- diallel, line X tester, NC-1, NC-II and NC-III designs, approaches to estimate and exploit component of self and cross pollinated crops. Genotype X environment interaction and stability analysis.

Unit 5: Genetic Engineering and Biotechnological Tools in Plant Breeding 12
Somatic hybridization, micropropagation, somachonal variation in vitro mutagenesis. Artificial synthesis of gene. Genetic and molecular markers, generations of molecular markers and their application in genetic analyses and breeding. Molecular markers in genetic diversity analysis and breeding for complex characters. Gene tagging, QTL mapping and marker aided selection. Genome projects and utilization of sequence formation. Vectors. DNA libraries, DNA fingerprinting, DNA sequencing. Nuclei acid hybridization and immunochemical detection. Chromosome walking, Recombinant DNA technology, Gene cloning strategies. Genetic transformation and transgenics. Antisense RNA, RNAi and micro RNA techniques in crop improvement.

Unit 6: Plant Breeding for Stress Resistance and Nutitional Quality
Genetic basis and breeding for resistance to diseases and insect-pests. Breeding for vertical and horizontal resistance to diseases. Genetic and physiological basis of abiotic stress tolerance. Breeding for resistance to heat, frost, flood, drought and soil stresses. Important quality parameters in various crops, their genetic basis and breeding for these traits. Role of molecular markers in stress resistance breeding: MAS, MARS and MABB.

Unit 7: Plant Genetic Resources and their Regulatory System; Varietal Release and Seed Production
Plant exploration, germplasm introduction, exchange, conservation, evaluation and utilization of plant genetic resoures. Convention on Biological Diversity and International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Intellectual Property Rights. Biodiversity Act. Plant Variety Protection and Farmers' Rights Act. System of variety release and notification. Types of seeds and seed chain. Seed production and certification.

Unit 8: Statistical Methods and Field Plot Techniques
Frequency distribution. Measures of central tendency, probability theory and its applications in genetics. Probabaility distribution and tests of significance. Correlation, linear, partial and multiple regression. Genetic divergence. Multivariate analysis. Design of experiments- basic principles, completely randomized design, randomized block design and split plot design. Complete and incomplete block designs. Augmented design, Grid and honeycomb design. Hill plots, unreplicated evaluation. Data collection and interpretation.