Syllabus Of B.Sc Biotechnology Nagpur University

I want the syllabus of B.Sc Biotechnology of Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University so can you please provide me?

[Pathak]

Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University (RTMNU) is a public state university, established on August 4, 1923 in Nagpur, Maharashtra. It is a member of the Association of Indian Universities and the Association of Commonwealth Universities.

RTMNU B.Sc Biotechnology syllabus

Semester I - PAPER I

Microbiology

UNIT I

History, Development and Microscopy History and development of microbiology: contributions of Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch and Edward Jenner. Microscopy: Compound microscopy: Numerical aperture and its importance, resolving power, oil immersion objectives and their significance, principles and applications of dark field, phase contrast, fluorescent microscopy. Electron microscopy: Principle, ray diagram and applications, TEM and SEM, comparison between optical and electron microscope, limitations of electron microscopy. Stains and staining procedures: Acidic, basic and neutral stains, Gram staining, Acid fast staining, Flagella staining, Endospore staining.

UNIT II

Bacteria: Bacterial morphology and subcellular structures, general morphology of bacteria, shapes and sizes, generalized diagram of typical bacterial cell. Slime layer and capsule, difference between the structure, function and the position of the two structures. Cell wall of gram +ve and Gram -ve cells. General account of flagella and fimbriae.
Chromatin material, plasmids; definition and kind of plasmids (conjugative and non-conjugative) F, R, and Col plasmids. Endospores: Detailed study of endospore structure and its formation, germination, basis of resistance.

UNIT III

A. A brief idea Bergey’s manual. Morphology of archaea, archaeal cell membrane (differences between bacterial and archaeal cell membrane), other cell structures, concept of the three distinct archaea groups.

B. Viruses: General characteristics of viruses, difference between virus and typical microbial cell, structure, different shapes and symmetries with one example of each type, classification of viruses on the basis of nucleic acids, phage and animal cell viruses, example of each and their importance. Brief idea of lytic cycle and lysogeny.

UNIT IV

Nutrition: Basic nutritional requirements: Basic idea of such nutrients as water, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and vitamins etc., natural and synthetic media, nutritional classification of bacteria. Selective and Differential media, Enriched media, Enrichment media.

RTMNU B.Sc Biotechnology syllabus
B. Sc. Part I – Semester I - PAPER II
(MACROMOLEULES)
UNIT I
Nucleic Acids
Chemical structure and base composition of nucleic acids, Chargaff's rules, Watson Crick Model (B-DNA), deviations from Watson-Crick model, other forms of DNA (A- and Z-DNA), forces stabilizing nucleic acid structures, (hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic associations, base stacking). Maxam and Gilbert DNA sequencing, structure of t-RNA.
UNIT II
Chromosomes, Concept of Genes and Nucleosomes
Concept of prokaryotic genes and eukaryotic genes: Definition of a gene, concept of split genes, introns, exons, spacers, C-value and C-value paradox, basic idea of Cot curves.
Chromatin structure: Nucleosome structure (10 nm fibre, experiments leading to discovery of nucleosomal structure, types of histones, arrangement of histones in the octamer, H1 histone and its role, role and length of linker DNA), 30 nm fibers (arrangement of nucleosome in a helical structure), domain and loop structure (further compacting of 30 nm fibre, role of scaffolding proteins). Role of telomere and centromere, telomeric and centromeric repeat sequences.
UNIT III
Amino acids: Structure of amino acids occurring in proteins, classification of amino acids (pH based, polarity based and nutrition based), Physico-chemical properties of amino acids (solubility, boiling and melting points, reactions like Edman's, Sanger's, Dansyl chloride, ninhydrin). Titration curves of neutral, basic and acidic amino acids.
Primary structure of proteins: Determination of primary structure (end group analysis, cleavage of disulfide bonds, amino acid composition, use of endopeptidase specificity, sequence determination, assignment of disulfide position).
UNIT IV
Secondary structure of proteins: The -helix, -structures (parallel, antiparallel, mixed, -turn).
Tertiary structure of proteins: Forces that stabilize the structure (electrostatic forces, hydrogen and disulfide bonds, hydrophobic associations), myoglobin as an example of tertiary structure, concept of domains, protein denaturation.
Quaternary structure of proteins: Forces stabilizing quaternary structure, advantages of oligomeric proteins.
SEMESTER I PRACTICALS
Biotechnology
Microbiology & Macromolecules
1. Formol titration of glycine.
2. Quantitative Estimation of proteins by Biuret method
3. Determination of albumin & A/G retion in serum.
4. Estimation of DNA by Diphenylamine method
5. Estimation of RNA by Orcinol method
6. Quantitative estimation of amino acids using Ninhydrin reaction.
7. Demonstration, use and care of microbiological equipments.
8. Preparation of media, sterilization and isolation of bacteria.
9. Isolation of Bacteriophage from sewage / other sources.
10. Demonstration of motility of Bacteria.
11. Simple staining of bacteria
12. Gram staining of Bacteria
13. Acid fast staining of Bacteria
14. Endospore staining.
15. Demonstration of starch hydrolysis by bacterial cultures
16. Growth of fecal coliforms on selective media.

Note: - Mandatory to perform atleast 6 practical
B. Sc. Semester Pattern Syllabus
B. Sc. Part I – Semester II
BIOTECHNOLOGY
(With effect from academic session 2013-14)
1) The examination shall comprise two theory papers, an Internal assessment and a practical. Each theory paper shall be of three hours duration and carry 50 marks. The practical shall be of 6 hours duration and carry 30 marks. Internal assessment carry 20 marks.
3) The syllabus is based on six theory periods and six practical periods per week. Candidates are required to pass separately in theory, internal assessment and practical examination.
4) Students are expected to perform all the practicals mentioned in the syllabus.
5) Internal assessment: There shall be one internal assessment based on two theory papers for 10 Marks each. Total 20 Marks. The Internal assessment shall be conducted by the University approved teachers in the relevant subjects. The internal assessment shall be done by the respective college one month prior to the final exam of each semester. The Marks shall be sent to the university immediately after the internal assessment is over.
6) At the beginning of each semester, every teacher / department / college shall inform his / her students unambiguously the method teacher / department / college propose to adopt a scheme of marking for internal assessment.
7) The internal assessment marks assigned to each theory paper shall be awarded on the basis of attendance / home assignment / class test / Project assignment / seminar / any other innovative practice / activity.
8) The concerned teacher / department / college shall have to keep the record of all the above activities till six months after the declaration of result of that semester.
MICROBIOLOGY & CELL BIOLOGY
UNIT I
Microbial Growth
Growth: Growth rate and generation time, details of growth curve and its various phases.
Concept of synchronous cultures, continuous and batch cultures (chemostat and turbidostat). Measurement of growth.
Physical conditions required for growth: Temperature (classification of microorganisms on the basis of temperature requirements), Ph etc. Pure cultures and cultural characteristics. Maintenance of pure culture.
UNIT II:
B. Microbial Control
Microbial Control: Terminologies - Sterilization, disinfection, antiseptic, sanitization, germicide, microbistasis, preservative and antimicrobial agents.
Mechanism of cell injury: Damage to cell wall, cell membrane, denaturation of proteins, inhibition of protein synthesis, transcription, replication, other metabolic reactions and change in supercoiling of DNA.
Physical control: Temperature (moist heat, autoclave, dry heat, hot air oven and incinerators), dessication, surface tension, osmotic pressure, radiation, UV light, electricity, ultrasonic sound waves, filtration.
Chemical control: Antiseptics and disinfectants (halogens, alcohol, gaseous sterilization.
Concept of biological control.
UNIT III
Cell Biology
Eukaryotic Cell - Structure and function of the following: nucleus, nuclear membrane, nucleoplasm, nucleolus, golgi complex, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, peroxisomes, glyoxisomes and vacuoles.
UNIT IV
Plant cell wall.
Cytoskeleton (actin, microtubules) and cell locomotion.
Mitosis and meiosis. Brief idea of cell cycle.
Muscle and nerve cell structure, synaptic transmission and neuromuscular junctions.
(CELL CONSTITUENTS & ENZYMOLOGY)
UNIT I
Carbohydrates
Definition, classification, nomenclature of carbohydrates, structures of monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides (structures of starch and glycogen as examples of homopolysaccharides). Concept and examples of heteropolysaccharides.
UNIT II
Lipids
Types of lipids, structures of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, plasmalogens, gangliosides and sphingolipids. Terpenoids and isoprenoids - definition and representative structures, steroids. Concept of acid value, saponification value and iodine value.
UNIT III
Enzymes
Terminology: Active site, allosteric site, Holoenzyme, apoenzyme, coenzyme, substrate, inhibitor, activator, modulator etc.
Classification and nomenclature.
Concept of isoenzymes (example Lactate Dehydrogenase) and multienzymes (example pyruvate dehydrogenase)
Substrate Specificity (bond specificity, group specificity, absolute specificity, stereo-specificity, proof-reading mechanism), lock and key and induced fit models.
Concept of allosteric enzymes (brief idea of ATCase as an example)
Mechanisms of catalysis: Acid-base, covalent and metal ion catalysis.
UNIT IV
Assay of Enzymes: Concept of activity, specific activity, turnover number, units of enzyme activity (katal, international unit), spectrophotometric methods of assay of enzymes (simple and coupled assay), very brief idea of other methods.
Enzyme kinetics: Michaelis-Menten equation, effect of substrate concentration, effect of enzyme concentration, effect of Ph and temperature, temperature quotient, single reciprocal( Eadie-Hoffstee equation) and double reciprocal plots( Lineweaver-Burke plots), enzyme inhibition kinetics (reversible inhibition types – competitive, uncompetitive and non-competitive), brief idea of irreversible inhibition.
SEMESTER II PRACTICALS
Biotechnology
Microbiology, Cell constituents & Enzymology
1. Qualitative Analysis of sugars and proteins.
2. Quantitative estimation of sugars (Dinitrosalicylic acid method).
3. Estimation of glucose by Benedict’s quantitative method
4. Quantitative estimation of proteins by Lowry’s method.
5. Extraction and quantification of total lipids.
6. Determination of saponification value of Fats
7. Determination of Acid Value of Fats
8. Isolation of urease and demonstration of its activity
9. Assay of protease activity.
10. Preparation of starch from Potato and its hydrolysis by salivary amylase.
11. Assay of alkaline phosphatase
12. Immobilization of enzymes / cells by entrapment in alginate gel
13. Effect of temperature / pH on enzyme activity
14. Isolation of pure culture by pour plate method
15. Isolation of pure culture by streak plate method.
16. Anaerobic cultivation of microorganisms.
17. Cultivation of yeast and moulds.
18. Antibiotic sensitivity assay.
19. Oligodynamic action of metals.
20. To study germicidal effect of UV light on bacterial growth.
21. Stages of mitosis.
22. Stages of meiosis.
B. Sc. Part II – Semester III
BIOTECHNOLOGY
(With effect from academic session 2014-15)
1) The examination shall comprise two theory papers, an Internal assessment and a practical. Each theory paper shall be of three hours duration and carry 50 marks. The practical shall be of 6 hours duration and carry 30 marks. Internal assessment carry 20 marks.
3) The syllabus is based on six theory periods and six practical periods per week. Candidates are required to pass separately in theory, internal assessment and practical examination.
4) Students are expected to perform all the practicals mentioned in the syllabus.
5) Internal assessment: There shall be one internal assessment based on two theory papers for 10 Marks each. Total 20 Marks. The Internal assessment shall be conducted by the University approved teachers in the relevant subjects. The internal assessment shall be done by the respective college one month prior to the final exam of each semester. The Marks shall be sent to the university immediately after the internal assessment is over.
6) At the beginning of each semester, every teacher / department / college shall inform his / her students unambiguously the method teacher / department / college propose to adopt a scheme of marking for internal assessment.
7) The internal assessment marks assigned to each theory paper shall be awarded on the basis of attendance / home assignment / class test / Project assignment / seminar / any other innovative practice / activity.
8) The concerned teacher / department / college shall have to keep the record of all the above activities till six months after the declaration of result of that semester.
B. Sc. Part II – Semester III - PAPER - I
(METABOLISM)
UNIT I
Bioenergetics: Concept of free energy, Entropy, Enthalpy & Redox Potential. Concept of high energy bonds as related to the structure of ATP, Phosphoenolpyruvate, Creatine phosphate etc.
Glycolysis (pathway, entry of other monosachharides and disaccharides, regulation, inhibitors)
Gluconeogenesis: Bypass reactions.
UNIT II
Structure of mitochondria.
TCA cycle: Detailed account, regulation, amphibolic nature and anaplerosis.
Electron Transport Chain: Components of the chain, sites of ATP synthesis, chemiosmotic theory of oxidative phosphorylation.
UNIT III
Lipid Metabolism
-oxidation of fatty acids, role of carnitine, oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids & odd carbon fatty acids. Regulation.
Ketogenesis, Ketosis & ketoacidosis in physiology & pathology.
Biosynthesis of fatty acids, fatty acid synthase complex, regulation, Microsomal & Mitochondrial system of chain elongation & synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids.
UNIT IV
Metabolism of Nitrogenous Compounds
Transamination (mechanism). Oxidative & Non-oxidative deamination.
Urea cycle: Detailed account, linkage of urea & TCA cycle, compartmentation of urea cycle, regulation, metabolic disorders of urea cycle.
Transmethylation & Decarboxylation, physiologically important products of decarboxylation.
Biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines: Salvage pathways.

Contact address

Nagpur University
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Administrative Premises, Ravindranath Tagore Marg
Nagpur, Maharashtra 440001

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actually I want marking scheme of biotech ppr of 1st sem