Integral University Entrance Test (IUET -)

Can you provide me the Syllabus for Integral University Entrance Test (IUET) - Ph.D. Environmental Sciences Program of Integral University, Lucknow?

[Rajkumar Agarwal]

The Syllabus for Integral University Entrance Test (IUET) - Ph.D. Environmental Sciences Program of Integral University, Lucknow is as follows:

Subject: Environmental Sciences

Unit –I
Definition, Principles and Scope of Environmental Science.
Earth, Man and Environment. Ecosystems, Pathways in Ecosystems.
Structure and composition of atmosphere, hydrosphere, Lithosphere and
biosphere. Mass and energy transfer across the various interfaces, material
balance. First and second law of thermodynamics, heat transfer processes.
Natural resources, conservation and sustainable development.

Unit –II
Chemical composition of air: Classification of elements, Chemical
speciation. Particles, ions and radicals in the atmosphere. Chemical
processes for formation of inorganic and organic particulate matter. Thermo
chemical and photochemical reactions in the atmosphere. Oxygen and
ozone chemistry, Chemistry of air pollutants, Photochemical smog.
Water chemistry: Chemistry of water, Concept of DO, BOD,COD,
Sedimentation, coagulation filtration, Redox potential.
Toxic chemical in the environment-Air, water: Pesticides in water,
Biochemical aspects of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, Mercury, Carbon
monoxide, O3 and PAN pesticides. MIC, carcinogens in the air.

Unit-III
Definition, Principles and scope of ecology. Human ecology and Human
settlement, Evolution, Origin of life and speciation.
Ecosystems: Structure and functions, Abiotic and biotic components, Energy
flows, food chains, food web, Ecological pyramids, types and diversity.
Ecological succession, Population, community ecology and parasitism, prey
predator relationships.
Endangered and threatened species.
Biodiversity and its conservation: Definition, ‘Hotspots’ of biodiversity,
strategies for biodiversity conservation. National Parks and Sanctuaries.
Gene pool.
Micro flora of atmosphere: Air sampling techniques. Identification of
aeroallergens. Air borne diseases and allergies.

Unit-IV
Flow of energy and matter in ecosystems, coexistence in communities- food
webs, Earth’s major ecosystems-terrestrial and aquatic. General relationship
between landscape, biomes and climate. Climates of India, Indian mansoon,
El Nino, Droughts. Tropical Cyclones and Western Disturbances.
Mineral Resources and Environment: Resources and Reserves Minerals
and Population. Ocean for the new areas for exploration of mineral
resources. Ocean ore and recycling of resources. Environment impact of
exploitation, processing and smelting of minerals.
Water Resources and Environment: Global Water balance. Ice sheets and
fluctuations of sea levels. Origin and composition of sea water. Hydrological
cycle. Factors influencing the surface water. Types of water. Resources of
oceans. Ocean pollution by toxic wastes. Human use of surface and ground
waters. Ground water pollution.
Environmental Geochemistry: Concept of major, trace and REE.
Classification of trace elements, Mobility and trace elements, Geochemical
cycles. Biogeochemical factors in environmental health. Human use, trace
elements and health. Possible effects of imbalance of some trace elements.
Diseases induced by human use of land.

Unit-V
Sun as a source of energy, Solar radiation and its spectral characteristics.
Fossil fuels- classification, composition, physico-chemical characteristics
and energy content of coal, petroleum and natural gas. Principles of
generation of hydroelectric power, tidal, ocean Thermal Energy conversion,
wind, geothermal energy, Solar collectors, photovoltaic, solar ponds, nuclear
energy-fission and fusion, magneto hydrodynamic power, bio-energyenergy
from biomass and biogas, anaerobic digestion, energy use pattern in
different parts of the world.
Environmental implication of energy use; CO2 emissions, global warming;
air and thermal pollution; radioactive waste and radioactivity from nuclear
reactors; impacts of large-scale exploitation of solar, wind, hydro and ocean
energy.

Unit –VI
Air: natural and anthropogenic sources of pollution. Primary and secondary
pollutants, transport and diffusion of pollutants. Gas laws governing the
behaviour of pollutants in the atmosphere. Methods of monitoring and
control of air pollution.SO2, NOx, CO, SPM. Affects of pollutants on human
beings, plants ,animals, materials and on climate. Acid rain. Air quality
standards.
Water: Types, sources and consequences of water pollution. Physicochemical
and bacteriological sampling and analysis of water quality.
Standards , sewage and waste water treatment and recycling. water quality
standards
Soil: Physico -chemical and bacteriological sampling as analysis of soil
quality. soil pollution control. Industrial waste effluents and heavy metal,
their interactions with soil components. Soil microorganisms and their
functions ,degradation of different insecticides, fungicides and weedicides in
soil. Different kind of synthetic fertilizers(N P and K ) and their interaction
with different components of soil.
Noise: sources of noise pollution , measurement of noise and Indices, effects
of meteorological parameters on noise propagation. Noise exposure levels
and standards. Noise control and abatement measures .Impact of noise on
human health.
Marine : Sources of marine pollution and control. Criteria employed for
disposal of pollutants in marine system- coastal management.
Radioactive and thermal pollution.

Unit –VII
Introduction to Environmental impact analysis.
Environmental impact Statement and Environmental Management Plan.
EIA guidelines 1994, Notification of Government of India.
Impact Assessment Methodologies.
Concept and strategies of sustainable development.
Cost benefit analysis.
Environmental priorities in India and sustainable development.

Unit –VIII
Different methods of disposal and management of solid wastes (Hospital
Wastes and hazardous Wastes) Recycling of waste material. Waste
minimization technologies.
Hazardous Waste management and handling Rules, 1989, Resource
Management , Disaster Management and Risk analysis.
Environment Protection- issues and problems, International and national
efforts for Environment protection, Provision of constitution of India
regarding Environment (Article 48A and 58A).
Environmental policy Resolution, Legislation, Public Policy strategies in
pollution control, Wildlife protection act,1972 amended 1991, Forest
conservation act,1980, Indian forests Act (Revised) 1982, Air (Prevention
and control of pollution ) Act, 1981 as amended by Amendment Act, 1987
and Rule 1982,Motor Vehicle Act, 1988, The Water ( Prevention and control
of pollution) Act, 1974 as amended up to 1988 and Rules 1975, The
Environment (Protection ) Act, 1986 and Rules 1986.

Unit –IX
Bioremediation Technology transfer and future challenges.
Bioremediation of hydrocarbons by genetically engineered bacterial strain
Bioremediation of industrial waste and role of microorganism.
Bioremediation of heavy metals
Bioremediation of xenobiotics by microbial degradation.
Gene manipulation of pesticides degradation by microorganisms.

Unit –X
Environmental education and awareness.
Environmental Ethics and global imperatives
Global Environmental problems- Ozone depletion, global warming and
climatic change.
Current Environmental issues in India.
Context: Narmada dam , Tehri Dam, Almetti dam, Soil erosion formation
and reclamation of usar, alkaline and saline soil.
Waste land and their reclamation.
Desertification and its control
Vehicular pollution and urban air quality.
Depletion of natural resources.
Biodiversity conservation and agenda -21
Waste disposal, recycling and power generation, flyash utilization.
Water crises- Conservation of water.
Environmental hazards.
Eutrophication and restoration of Indian Lakes.
Rain water harvesting.
Wetland conservation.
Epidemiological issues( e.g., Goitre, fluorosis, Arsenic)