ICAR JRF Plant Biotechnology Entrance Exam Syllabus

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UNIT-I: Plant Biotechnology and Molecular Biology/Biotechnology: Characteristics of prokaryotic andeukaryotic organisms; differences between fungi, bacteria, mycoplasms and viruses. Physical and chemicalbasis of heredity; chromosome structure. DNA replication, transcription and translation; genetic code;operon concept. Genetic engineering; restriction enzymes; vectors; gene cloning; gene transfer. Plantcell and tissue culture; micro-propagation; somaclonal variation. Transformation; recombination; Heterosis.General application of biotechnology. Molecular and immunological techniques. Concept of bioinformatics,genomics and proteomics.

UNIT-II: Plant Physiology/ Crop Physiology: Plant physiology– importance in agriculture. Seed germination,viability and vigour. Photosynthesis- significance of C-3, C-4 and CAM pathway; photorespiration and itsimplications. Translocation of assimilates; dry matter partitioning; Harvest index of crops. Growth anddevelopment; growth analysis; crop-water relationship. Plant nutrients and their functions. Phytohormonesand their physiological role. Photo-periodism, vernalisation; pollination/ fertilization in flowering plants.Post-harvest physiology and its significance.

UNIT-III: Basic Sciences & General Agriculture: Importance of agriculture in national economy; basic principlesof crop production; cultivation of rice, wheat, chickpea, pigeon-pea, sugarcane, groundnut, tomato, andmango. Major soils of India; role of NPK and their deficiency symptoms. General structure and function of cell organelles; mitosis and meiosis; Mendelian genetics. Elementary knowledge of growth, development,photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration; Elements of economic botany. General structure and functionof carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes and vitamins. Major pests and diseases of rice, wheat,cotton, chickpea, sugarcane and their management. Organic farming; biofertilizers; biopesticides.Recombinant DNA technology; transgenic crops. Important rural development programmes in India;organizational set up of agricultural research, education and extension in India. Elements of statistics.

UNIT-IV: Plant Biochemistry: Importance of biochemistry in agriculture. Acid-base concept and buffers; pH.Classification, structure and metabolic functions of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Structure andfunction of nucleic acids. Enzymes: structure, nomenclature, mechanism of action; vitamins and mineralsas coenzymes and cofactors. Metabolic pathways: glycolysis, TCA cycle, fatty acid oxidation, triglyceridebiosynthesis. Electron transport chain; ATP formation. Photosynthesis: C-3, C-4 and CAM pathways. Nitrate assimilation; biological nitrogen fixation. Colorimetric and chromatographic techniques