ED CET Biology Syllabus

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Biological Sciences – Botany
A) Branches of Botany:

Virology, Phycology, Mycology, Lichenology, Bryology, Pteridology, Palaeobotany, Histology, Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Ecology, Taxonomy, Embryology, Cell Biology, Genetics, Evolution, Biotechnology, Microbiology.

B) Classification of Plant Kingdom:
Classification of plant kingdom and salient features of major groups (Algae, Fungi, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms & Angiosperms)
Bentham & Hooker’s and Engler & Prantle’s systems of classifications ; Plant diversity in Angiosperm families – Annonaceae, Malvaceae, Capparidaceae, Rutaceae, Fabaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Mimosaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Apiaceae, Rubiaceae, Asteraceae, Sapotaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Convolvulaceae, Acanthaceae,Lamiaceae, Amarantaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Orchidaceae, Liliaceae, Palmae and Poaceae.

C) Microbiology:
Structure, replication and transmission of viruses and Mycoplasma ; Diseases caused by viruses in plants and humans.
Structure, nutrition and reproduction of bacteria ; useful bacteria , bacterial diseases of plants and Humans.
Structure, reproduction, life history and systematic position of Volcvox, Oedogonium,Chara, Vaucheria, Ectocarpus, and Polysiphonia ; General account of Bacillariophyceae & Economic importance of algae.
Structure, reproduction, life history and systematic position of Albugo, Mucor, Pencillium, Peziza, Puccinia, and Alternaria – plant diseases caused by Albugo, Puccinia and Alternaria
Structure, reproduction and economic importance of lichens.

D) Cell Biology:
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; structures and functions of cell organelles.
Cell division – mitosis and meiosis

E) Tissue organization and growth:
Tissues and tissue systems in plants ; Histological organization of apical meristems;Stellar evolution in Pteridophytes; 1
Primary structure and secondary growth in roots and stems of dicots and monocots; abnormal secondary growth ; internal structure of dicot and monocot leaves in relation to photosynthesis and water stress.

F) Physiology:
Water relations of plants: Importance of water to plants; physical properties of water; Diffusion and Osmosis; Absorption and transport of water; Transpiration – physiology of stomata.
Nutrition in plants: Autotrophism, heterotrophism and types ; Absorption of mineral elements by plants ; essential macro and micro elements and their role.
Photosynthesis: Mechanisms and regulating factors.
Nitrogen metabolism: Biology of nitrogen fixation; importance of nitrate reductase and regulation; ammonium assimilation ; Protein synthesis; ID, 2D and 3D structure of proteins.
Lipid metabolism: Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids; fatty acid biosynthesis; 6 – oxidation.
Growth and differentiation: Seed germination and dormancy- influencing factors; kinetics of growth; plant hormones and mechanisms of action ; phytochromes and their role ; fruit development and ripening.
Respiration: types, mechanism and controlling factors.

G) Plant reproduction:
Types of reproduction — vegetative, asexual and sexual ; evolution of sporophyte in Bryophytes ; Heterospory and seed habit in Pteridophytes.
Flower as a modified shoot; pollen-pistil interaction ; self incompatibility.
Microsporogenesis ; Megasporogenesis -Types of embryosacs; development of Mono-, bi- and tetrasporic types.
Endosperm types and development.
Development of dicot and monocot embryos; polyembryony.

H) Plant resources and their utilization:
Rice, wheat maize, potato, sugarcane, cotton, jute, G’nut, mustard, coconut, Teak, rosewood, sandalwood, Terminalia catapa, tea, coffee, rubber, spices and medicinal plants.

I) Plants and Environment:
Atmosphere (gaseous composition), water (properties of water cycle), light (global radiation & photosynthetically active radiation), temperature, soil (soil profile, physico- chemical properties), and biota.
Morphological, anatomical and physiological responses of plants to water (Hydrophytes & Xerophytes), temperature (Thermoperiodicity & Vernalization), light (Photoperiodism, Heliophytes, Sciophytes), and salinity.

Biological Sciences – Zoology

Biology of Invertebrates and Cell Biology
General characters and classification of Major Invertebrate phyla with examples upto orders,
Protozoa: (i) Polystomella – type study, (ii) Trypansoma life cycle only
Porifera : Canal system, Histology & Spicules.
Coelentereta: (i) obelia type study, (ii) Polymorphism in Siphonophora, (iii) Corals and Coral reef formation.
Helminthes – Fasciola – Detailed type Study.
Annelida: (i) Metamerism – (ii) Comparative study of the following systems of Leach and Nereis – External Characters – Digestive system – Reproductive system – Coelom and Coelomoducts,
Arthopoda: Comparitive study of Palasmon and Scorpion with reference to External features, appendages, Respiration, Circulation Excretion. Peripastus : Structure and affinities.
Mollusca : (i) Comparative study of Pila & Fresh water Mussel : External characters, Shell, Mantle complex and foot. (ii) Pearl formation (iii) Torsion in Gastropoda.
Echinodermata: Starfish – detailed study.
Hemachordata : Balanoglossus – External Features, Tornaria larva – Affinities of Hemichoradata.
Important Invertebrate larval forms: (a) Amphiblastula, (b) Ephyra larva, (c) Trochophore, (d) Nauplius, Zoea, Mysis, (e) Veliger, Glochidium, (f) Echinopluteus, Ophiopluteus, Auricularia and Doliolaria.
Ultra structure of Animal Cell: Cell Division, Mitosis and Meiosis.
Structure and function of the following cell orgtanelles: (i) Plasma Membrane: Membrane, Transport of small molecules, Cell Junctions, Cell adhesion, (ii) Cytoskeleton, (iii) Golgi Complex, (iv) Lysosomes, (v) Role of mitochondria in cellular energy, transactions, (vi) Chromosomes – Structure and type, Salivary gland chromosomes.

Animal Phsiology, Behaviour and Ecology
Animal Physiology pertaining to:
Nutrition: Types of nutrition in animals, autotrophic – Heterotrophic, vitamins and minerals.
Digestion in Mammals
Respiration: Brief account of types of respiratory mechanism, respiratory pigments, gas transport with reference to mammals.
Circulation: Composition and functions of blood, co-agulation of blood; Myogenic and Neurogenic hearts, mammalian heart – structure and function, Blood pressure and its role and exchange of materials in capillaries,
Osmo-regulation: Pertaining to aquatic animals only.
Excretion: (i) Classification of animals based on end products of excretion, (2) Formation of nitrogen waste. (3) Nephron: Structure and Function.
Nervous transmission: Structure of neuron, action-potential, production and propagation of nerve impulse and synaptic transmission.
Muscle contraction.
Endocrine glands of Mammals: Pineal body, Hypophysis, Hypothalamus, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Thymus, Adrenal Gastro intestinal, Pancreas, Testis and ovary.
Hormonal control of reproduction in mammals.
Concept of Homeostasis.

Animal Behaviour

Taxis, reflexes, instinctive behaviour, motivatived behaviour, learning, imprinting, habituation, classical conditioning, instrumental conditioning trial and error learning, physiology and phylogeny of learning, biological rhythms -circadian, lunar and circannual rhythms.

Animal Ecology
Physico-chemical factors of the animal Environment: Temperature, light, pressure, atmospheric gass i.e.; oxygen and carbon dioxide; Biogeochemical cycles: nitrogen, carbon and phosphorus cycles.
Animal community and Animal population: Ecosystems (Ecological succession, Ecological pyramids, energy flow in an eco system) – Animal associations: Parasitism, Commensalism, Symbiosis ; Environments and adaptive features of animals inhabiting / deep sea, cave, and desert.
Environmental pollution.
Wild life, wild life sanctuaries and national parks of India.

Biology of Chordates, Genetics, Evolution and Zoogeography
General characters and outline classification upto the level of order.
Protochordata: (a) Structure and Affinities of Amphioxus; (b) Structure Life history of an Ascidian.
Cyclostomata: General characters of cyclostomes and differences between Myxin & Petromyzon.
Comparative study of the following systems with reference to Scoliodon (pisces), Rana (Amphibia) calotes (Reptilia), Columba (Aves) and Lagomorpha (Mammalian) – (a) Skeletal system: Heart and aortic arches; (d) Nervous system – Brain.
General Topics: (i) Parental care in Amphibia; (ii) Dentition in Mammals.
Developmental Biology: (i) Gastrulation in amphioxus, Frog andChick; (ii) Development of chick upto 24 hrs., (iii) Foetal membrances of chick, (iv) Placenta in Mammals (Formation and types).

Genetics:
Gene interaction with 3 examples
Sex determination.
Sex linked inheritance
Blood group inheritance
Fine structure of gene, Operon/ concept, Cloning, Lethal genes
Chromosomal Aberration and human diseases.

Evolution and Zoogeography.
Modern synthetic theory of Evolution, Mutations, Genetic basis of Evolution, Genetic Drift (Hardy Weinberg’s Law), Isolation and speciation.
Characteristics of the following Zoogeographic regions and their fauna: (i) Oriental regions, (ii) Ethiopian Region, (iii) Australian Region.