BDS I Year Syllabus for Physiology

Will you please share the BDS I Year Exam Syllabus of Human Physiology for University Exam which is approved by Dental Council of India???

[Arun Vats]

As per your demand here I am sharing the BDS I Year Exam Syllabus of Human Physiology for University Exam which is approved by Dental Council of India

1. GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY
1. Homeostasis: Basic concept, Feed back mechanisms
2. Structure of cell membrane, transport across cell membrane
3. Membrane potentials

2. BLOOD:
Composition & functions of blood.
Specific gravity, Packed cell volume, factors affecting & methods of determination.
Plasma proteins - Types, concentration, functions & variations.
Erythrocyte - Morphology, functions & variations. Erythropoiesis & factors affecting erythropoiesis.
ESR- Methods of estimation, factors affecting, variations & significance.
Haemoglobin - Normal concentration, method of determination & variation in concentration.
Blood Indices - MCV, MCH, MCHC - definition, normal values, variation.
Anaemia - Definition, classification, life span of RBC’s destruction of RBC’s , formation & fate of bile pigments, Jaundice - types.
Leucocytes : Classification, number, percentage, distribution morphology, properties, functions & variation. Role of lymphocytes in immunity , leucopoiesis life span & fate of leucocytes.
Thromobocytes - Morphology, , number, variations, function & thrombopoiesis.
Haemostatsis - Role of vasoconstriction, platelet plug formation in haemostasis, coagulation factors, intrinsic & extrinsic pathways of coagulation, clot retraction.
Tests of haemostatic function, platelet count, clotting time, bleeding time, prothrombin time – normal values, method & variations. Anticoagulants - mechanism of action. Bleeding disorders.
Blood groups: ABO & Rh system, method of determination, importance,indications & dangers of blood transfusion, blood substitutes.
Blood volume: Normal values, variations.
Body fluids : distribution of total body water, intracellular & extracellular compartments, major anions & cations in intra and extra cellular fluid.
Tissue fluids & lymph : Formation of tissue fluid, composition, circulation & functions of lymph.
Oedema - causes.
Functions of reticulo endotrelial system.

3. MUSCLE AND NERVE
Classification of nerves, structure of skeletal muscle - Molecular mechanism of muscle contraction, neuromuscular transmission. Properties of skeletal muscle. Structure and properties of cardiac muscle & smooth muscle.

4. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM :
Introduction to digestion : General structure of G.I. tract, Innervation.
Salivary glands: Structure of salivary glands, composition , regulation of secretion & functions of saliva.
Stomach: Composition and functions of gastric juice, mechanism and regulation of gastric secretion.
Exocrine Pancreas - Structure, composition of pancreatic juice, functions of each component, regulation of pancreatic secretion.
Liver : structure , composition of bile, functions of bile, regulation of secretion –
Gall bladder : structure, functions.
Small intestine - Composition, functions & regulation of secretion of intestinal juice.
Large intestine - Functions.
Motor functions of GIT: Mastication, deglutition, gastric filling & emptying, movements of small and large intestine, defecation.

5. EXCRETORY SYSTEM :
Structure & functions of kidney, functional unit of kidney & functions of different parts. Juxta glomerular apparatus, renal blood flow.
Formation of Urine : Glomerular filteration rate - definition, determination , normal values, factors influencing G.F.R. Tubular reabsorption - Reabsorption of sodium, glucose, water & other substances.
Tubular secretion - secretion of urea, hydrogen and other substances.
Mechanism of concentration & dilution of urine.
Role of kidney in the regulation of pH of the blood.
Micturition : anatomy & innervation of Urinary bladder, mechanism of miturition & abonrmalities.

6. BODY TEMPERATURE & FUNCTIONS OF SKIN

7. ENDOCRINOLOGY
General endocrinology - Enumeration of endocrine glands & hormones - General functions of endocrine system, chemistry, mechanism of secretion, transport, metabolism, regulation of secretion of hormones.
Hormones of anterior pituitary & their actions, hypothamic regulation of anterior pituitary function.
Disorders of secretion of anterior pituitary hormones.
Posterior pituitary : Functions, regulation & disorders of secretion.
Thyroid: Histology, synthesis, secretion & transport of hormones, actions of hormones, regulation of secretion & disorders, Thyroid function tests.
Adrenal cortex & Medulla -synthesis, secretion, action, metabolism, regulation of secretion of hormones & disorders.
Other hormones - Angiotensin, A.N.F.

8. REPRODUCTION
Sex differentiation, Physiological anatomy of male and female sex organs,
Female reproductive system : Menstrual cycle, functions of ovary, actions of oestrogen & Progesterone, control of secretion of ovarian hormones, tests for ovulation, fertilisation, implantation, maternal changes during pregnancy, pregnancy tests & parturition. Lactation, composition of milk, factors controlling lactation, milk ejection, reflex, Male reproductive system :spermatogenesis, semen and contraception.

9. CARDIO VASCULAR SYSTEM
Functional anatomy and innervation of heart Properties of cardiac muscle
Origin & propagation of cardiac impulse and heart block.
Electrocardiogram - Normal electrocardiogram. Two changes in ECG in myocardial infarction.
Cardiac cycle - Phases, Pressure changes in atria, ventricles & aorta.
Volume changes in ventricles. Jugular venous pulse, arterial pulse.
Heart sounds: Mention of murmurs.
Heart rate: Normal value, variation & regulation.
Cardiac output: Definition, normal values, one method of determination, variation, factors affecting heart rate and stroke volume.
Arterial blood pressure: Definition, normal values & variations,determinants, regulation & measurement of blood pressure.
Coronary circulation.
Cardio vascular homeostasis - Exercise & posture.

10. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Physiology of Respiration : External & internal respiration.
Functional anatomy of respiratory passage & lungs.
Respiratory movements: Muscles of respiration, Mechanism of inflation & deflation of lungs.
Intra pleural & intra pulmonary pressures & their changes during the phases of respiration.
Mechanics of breathing - surfactant, compliance & work of breathing.
Spirometry: Lung volumes & capacities definition, normal values, significance, factors affecting vital capacity, variations in vital capacity, FEV & its variations.
Pulmonary ventilation - alveolar ventilation & dead space – ventilation.
Composition of inspired air, alveolar air and expired air.
Exchange of gases: Diffusing capacity, factors affecting it.
Transport of Oxygen & carbon dioxide in the blood.
Regulation of respiration – neural & chemical.
Hypoxia, cyanosis, dyspnoea, periodic breathing.
Artificial respiration, pulmonary function tests.

11. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
1. Organisation of central nervous system
2. Neuronal organisation at spinal cord level
3. Synapse receptors, reflexes, sensations and tracts
4. Physiology of pain
5. Functions of cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus and cerebral cortex.
6. Formation and functions of CSF
7. Autonomic nervous system

12. SPECIAL SENSES
Fundamental knowledge of vision, hearing, taste and smell.